freedom made of no effect. By such trials, weak minds are prostrated in abject and slavish servility; stronger ones are made the enemies and depredators of society, and it is only the higher class of moral heroes that come off like gold from the furnace. Of this class, however, was Henry Boyd. Recovering from his dejection, he surveyed the brawny muscles that strung his herculean limbs. A new design rushed into his mind, and new resolutions filled his heart. He sprang upon his feet and walked firmly and rapidly toward the city, doubtless with aspirations that might have fitted the words of the poet

"Thy spirit, independence, let me share, Lord of the lion heart and eagle eye." The first object which attracted his "eagle eye," on reaching the city, was one of the huge. river boats laden with pig iron, drawn up to the landing. The captain of this craft was just inquiring of the merchant who owned its contents for a man to assist in unloading it. "I am the very fellow for you," said Boyd, stripping off his coat, and rolling up his sleeves, and laying hold of the work. "Yes, sure enough, that is the very fellow for you,' ," said the merchant. The resolution and alacrity of Boyd interested him exceedingly, and during the four or five days, while a flotilla of boats were discharging their cargoes of pig iron with unaccustomed despatch, he became familiar with his history, with the ception of all that pertained to his trade, which Boyd thought proper to keep to himself. In consequence, our adventurer next found himself promoted to the portership of the merchant's store, a post which he filled to great satisfaction. He had a hand and heart for everything, and occasion was not long wanting to prove it.

ex

off their aprons at his appearance in the Englishman's shop. The merchant was so well pleased with his new warehouse, that he proceeded to set up the intelligent builder in the exercise of his trade in the city. Thus Henry Boyd found himself raised at once almost beyond the reach of the prejudice which had well nigh crushed him. He built houses and accumulated property. White journeymen and apprentices were glad to be in his employment and sit at his table. He is now a wealthy mechanic, living in his own house in Cincinnati, and his enemies have as good reason as his friends to know that he is a man of sound judgment and most vigorous intellect.

MILWAUKIE-PROGRESS.

In the fall of 1835, as a passenger on board a schooner freighted with lumber, I landed at Milwaukie. It was a beautiful spot of earth, but its name was then "unwritten" upon maps. With the exception of Indians, Solomon Juneau, was the only permanent resident of the place. He was an Indian trader an enterprising, benevolent, and most hospitable man, and has since been mayor and postmaster of the city which he planned.

There were two or three log cabins, the country around wild yet lovely, and in company with sixteen others, we slept under some loose boards in the first-then unfinished-frame building in Milwaukie.

This spot, then far beyond the borders of civilization, is now a flourishing city of some 16,000 people-the territory of Wisconsin, then of recent geographical existence, is now a State, with its Senators and representatives in Congress. This personal reminiscence was suggested by the notice of the erection of a splendid hotel in that young city, the dimensions of which will be one hundred and twenty feet square, five stories high, the dining-room to be 65 by 35 feet; to contain 327 apartments, every one of which will be provided with one or more ventilating flues, and in this respect will be superior to any public house in the United States.-Exchange.

TO THE MEMBERS OF NEW YORK YEARLY
MEETING.

A joiner was engaged to erect a counter, but failing by a drunken frolic, the merchant was disappointed and vexed. Rather in a passion Rather in a passion than in earnest, he turned to his faithful porter. "Here, Henry, you can do almost anything, why can't you do this job?"-"Perhaps I could, sir, if I had my tools and the stuff," was the reply. "Your tools!" exclaimed the merchant in surprise, for till now he knew nothing of his trade. Boyd explained that he had learned the trade of a carpenter and joiner, and had no objection to try the job. The merchant handed The committee of Nine Partners Boarding him the money, and told him to make as good a School, are very desirous, as is known to the counter as he could. The work was done with members of their own Yearly Meeting, of making such promptitude, judgment and finish, that his the institution what it has not for a long time employer broke off a contract for the erection been, viz: strictly a Friends' school. It must be of a large frame warehouse which he was about remembered, however, that nothing can be acclosing with the same mechanic who had disap-complished without the co-operation of parents. pointed him in the matter of the counter, and gave the job to Henry. The money was furnished, and Boyd was left to procure the materials and boss the job at his own discretion. This he found no difficulty in doing; and what is remarkable, among the numerous journeymen whom he employed were some of the very men who took

The committee have called on such, and those who have the charge of young persons, members of our Society, to forward the names of those they would send, in case the school can be made select. If one hundred such names are received for the winter term, the change will be effected. It is hoped that Friends may not be discouraged

for fear the number will not be made up; in that event they will not be required to send the pupils, though the names have been forwarded. Let the language of encouragement prevail, as in days of old, when the "carpenter encouraged the goldsmith," and "they helped every one his neighbour;" and we think it can be done. The pupils in that Institution have now advantages which many of those who attend mixed schools do not receive; the location is a healthy one, and, although the distance is great from many parts of the Yearly Meeting, this difficulty is much diminished by the increased facilities of travelling. ONE OF THE COMMITTEE.

SUMMARY OF NEWS.

EUROPE. Intelligence to the 7th inst., has been received by the steamer Caledonia. The vessel having on board Martin and O'Doherty, two of the Irish state prisoners, sailed for Australia on the 28th ult.

The American barque Charles Bartlett was run down by the steamer Europa, on the 27th ult., during a dense fog, nearly in the latitude of Cape Clear, and about ten degrees of longitude west of that point. The barque sunk so quickly that of 176 persons on board, 162 of whom were passengers, only 42 were saved. The growing crops in England and Ireland are spoken of as very promising.

There is nothing of special importance from France. From Rome, the accounts are that the city has capitulated to the French army. The surrender seems to have been resolved on, on the 30th ult., and on the 2d inst. the French appear to have entered Rome.

The negotiations for the surrender of Venice are said to be broken off, and a renewal of hostilities was expected immediately.

To silence the imagination, is a task to which reason alone, in its present slavery to the secret workings of the will, is incompetent; this, to the attentive observer, is one proof among many, that the rectification of our nature depends on the resubjection of our wills to the Divine will, without which, whatever our ideas and opinions may be, ed at Rastadt. From Hungary no reliable accounts or however specious the appearances, we may are received. The reports are generally unfavoraassume; we are yet far short of perfect redemp-ble to the Hungarians. Raab has been retaken by tion.-Dillwyn.

ONE LITTLE GRAIN.

A grain of corn, an infant's hand
May plant upon an inch of land;
Whence twenty stalks may rise, and yield
Enough to stock a little field:

The harvest of that field may then
Be multiplied to ten times ten;
Which, sown thrice more, would furnish bread
Wherewith an army might be fed.

A penny is a little thing,

Which e'en a poor man's child may fling
Into the treasury of heaven,

And make it worth as much as seven:

As seven!-nay, worth its weight in gold,
And that increased a million fold;
A penny book, applied with care,
May lead a soul to shun the snare.

That soul can scarce be saved alone;
Its bliss, I trust, it would make known;
'Come,' it would say, and you shall see
What great things God has done for me!'

Hundreds the joyful sound might hear,-
Hear with the heart as well as ear;
And then to hundreds more proclaim
Salvation through the only Name!

That only Name, above, below,

Let Jews, and Turks, and Pagans know;
That every tongue and tribe may call
On Jesus Christ as Lord of all.

A situation with a Friend in the country is wanted for two English children, a brother and sister, the former aged ten and the latter eight years.

Application may be made at No. 24 South Twelfth Street, Philadelphia.

The Baden republicans are said to be concentrat

the Austrians, apparently without much resistance. It appears probable that the Hungarians are withdrawing toward the interior of the country, in order to meet their Austrian and Russian antagonists at better advantage.

VENEZUELA. The civil war in this state has been renewed, Gen. Paez having again landed in the country with the intention of overthrowing the government of Monagas.

FIRES.-Thirty-five houses were destroyed by fire in Alleghany city on the 16th inst. A difficulty having arisen between the city councils and the firemen, the latter not only refused to work, but prevented the Pittsburgh firemen from rendering any assistance. On the 15th a very destructive fire occurred at Mauch Chunk.

CHOLERA This disease has very materially decreased in Cincinnati and St. Louis. In Cincinnati, on the 15th, 154 interments, 87 cholera; 16th, 104 interments, 60 cholera; 19th, 92 interments, 43 cholera; 20th, 60 interments, 32 cholera; 23d, 55 interments, 33 cholera. St. Louis, 14th, 131 interments, 89 cholera; 15th, 92 interments, 58 cholera ; 18th. 84 interments, 61 cholera; 21st, 36 interments 21 cholera. In Montreal and Quebec, the disease is believed to be increasing. There were 19 cholera interments reported in the former city on the 20th inst. The daily reports in New York are not at all reliable. For the week ending 21st inst., 1409 interments were reported; cholera 714, cholera mor. bus 102, dysentery 71, diarrhea 61. Philadelphia, 18th, 76 cases, 22 deaths; 19th, 53 cases, 22 deaths; 20th, 49 cases, 20 deaths; 21st, 31 cases, 14 deaths; 22d, 29 cases, 12 deaths; 23d, 34 cases, 20 deaths. On the 14th, two violent storms of wind and rain occurred, which were followed, as may be seen, by rain also fell. a marked decrease of the epidemic. On the 20th,

D. P. Madison, widow of ex President James Madison, died at Washington on the evening of the 12th inst.

Account of ROBERT WHITAKER, of Ackworth, England, an Elder, who died 8th mo. 1848, aged 82 years.

In recording the decease of this beloved and honoured friend, we may emphatically adopt the scripture declaration,-"The memory of the just

is blessed.

:

No. 46.

in vain for several years of his childhood, he was preserved in much seriousness, and in exemplary filial obedience ;-his father having been heard to say, that his son "appeared so desirous of doing right, that they had no occasion to blame him at any time."

He was brought up in the regular attendance of the Baptist place of worship, and in the discharge of those religious duties which his parents believed to be required of themselves.

Although for several years he was favoured to retain the freshness of the heavenly dew, which had thus early distilled upon him, yet, after a while, the good impressions which had been made "Being on his infantile heart, were weakened. an only child," he remarks, "I was much caressed and flattered by our relatives and friends, and Extensively known throughout the society as when I was ten or twelve years of age, the evil the superintendent, for nearly thirty years, of the one began to lay his baits with success, persuadschool at Ackworth, and having a high place in ing me that I was of some consequence in the the affections of most of those who passed under world. Pride was begotten in my heart, and I his care, some notice of our departed friend is began to slight the witness, the true reprover for called for in this Obituary. But apart from this sin of every description. My parents' admonitions consideration, there are not a few incidents in his were not wanting, but the enemy of my soul's life and religious experience, of a deeply instruc-peace furnished me with the means to withstand tive character, highly deserving of preservation, and calculated to subserve the purpose for which our periodical is put forth.

them, though I wished to appear measurably obedient to parental authority."

This state of declension continued till he was Robert Whitaker was born in 1766 in the about fifteen years of age; during most of which neighbourhood of Haslingden, in Lancashire. time, and for two or three years later, he went to He was an only child, and was brought up by his school, and was often exposed to the company of parents, who were General Baptists, with pious wicked boys, whose example was very injurious care. At a very early age, his mind was visited to him; for, although he was preserved from by the secret reproofs of instruction; and in a uniting in any grossly immoral practices, yet, to brief narrative of his Christian course, which he adopt his own words, "I found the leavening inprepared a few years ago, he thus records an in-fluence of evil, fixing more firmly in my poor cident, the savour of which was retained by him to backsliding soul." the end of his life," While yet very young, I think not more than three years of age, I well remember how I was brought into great distress, by that swift witness, which the Almighty had placed in my breast, for having transgressed one of his holy commandments; and it was long before my dear parents, and those about me, could restore my mind to tranquillity, and convince me, that, on sincere repentance, and sorrow such as mine was, my heavenly Father would forgive my offence."

His parents were much comforted in observing such tenderness of spirit, and did what lay in their power to cherish it; nor was their care bestowed

At this time he had the small pox very severely, which was succeeded by a low fever, and this again by the measles, and he was thus reduced to a state of great bodily weakness. During this affliction he was favoured with a renewed visitation of divine grace, under which he was brought "In my huinto an humble and penitent state. miliation," the narrative proceeds, "I was again brought to the God of mercy, who, I believe was pleased to have compassion on me, and to pardon my transgressions through the mediation of the Redeemer; but this awakening was not of long continuance after my recovery. Alas! all these warnings proved like the early dew-they were

soon forgotten-and I was not thoroughly brought | Methodists, but this was not satisfactory to him. to a sense of my lost condition again till I was in my seventeenth year."

From that time forward, his growth in grace appears to have been steadily progressive; and it is worthy of notice, as indicating the importance to young people of a right choice in their associates, that the pious example of "one companion and bosom friend," whom he always retained, even in the days of his greatest deviations from the path of true peace, was a constant check upon his conduct, and exerted a powerful influence in the formation of his religious character.

A few times he attended the meeting of the Calvinistic ministers, but without any real benefit to his seeking soul. Having several children of Friends attending his school, he formed some acquaintance with the parents; and, though he knew but little of the principles of the Society, he felt his mind attracted to attend the fourth day meeting at Crawshawbooth,-his school breaking up a little before eleven o'clock for the accommodation of Friends.

It may afford some comfort to those amongst us, who belong to small meetings, and may perOur dear friend was a man of good natural haps animate such to the faithful and diligent abilities, and was fond of literary pursuits. He maintenance of them, when attending them under records that, at two yearsof age, he was able to feelings of much weakness and discouragement, read a lesson of easy words; and, though we do if we transcribe the remarks of our departed not find, that his subsequent progress in learning friend, on first uniting in our simple mode of was at all remarkable, it was satisfactory; and, at worship. "I sat down with those who attended, the period at which we are now arrived, his (not many more than twenty,) in much simplicity; attainments were highly respectable. Before he desiring that I might partake, as I believed some had completed his eighteenth year, having deter- of them did, of that true real refreshment which mined to pursue the profession of a teacher, he would nourish the soul. The vocal communicawas chosen as master of a school, which was taught tions were few, there being only one minister, an at Friends' meeting-house, at Crawshawbooth. elderly, feeble woman Friend, except when stranWith his characteristic humility he states that his gers dropped in. My mind happily was drawn acquirements were very slender, and that he re-into close self-examination; and I found to my ceived more encouragement than he deserved. thorough conviction, that I was unable to do any Scanty as was the remuneration he received, (the thing of myself, in my creaturely attempts, that sum for each pupil being twopence per week for would be well pleasing in the sight of a holy and reading, fivepence for reading and writing, and just God, and that it behoved me to wait for eighteenpence if arithmetic was taught,) yet the in-strength from on high to enable me to worship come made him a living, and something to spare; and having food and raiment, he could acknowledge, with the apostle, that he was therewith

content.

aright. I saw more clearly the sinfulness of the human heart, and the necessity of a Saviour,-a Redeemer, and of being prepared to receive the Comforter, which our Saviour promised the Father would send to the followers of Christ. Many questions arose in my heart as to the soundness of some of the doctrines maintained by Friends; as the prejudices which I had imbibed by education would often rise up, and I would say, 'Can these things be so?" "

divine stamp upon them;" and in the year 1786, he applied for membership, and was united to the society in outward, as he had been for some time in spiritual fellowship.

It was a little prior to this engagement, that his mind being brought into deep thoughtfulness respecting the things which belonged to his everlasting peace, he became dissatisfied with the manner of worship to which he had been accustomed from his childhood. He had learned to sing what is called sacred music, and was en- Continuing faithful to his religious convictions, gaged as one of the singers at the chapel at Raw- he became thoroughly satisfied, that "the princitenstall. He remarks and it is an acknowledge-ples of Friends and their way of worship, had the ment that has been made by not a few of those who have joined our society by convincement, having previously occupied similar posts in their respective communities-that both he and most of the band had little in view beside the tunes, how excellent soever might be the matter of the piece, or however great the solemnity with which the minister gave it out. It is not improbable that this circumstance operated on his newly awakened mind, to increase his dissatisfaction with those religious observances and exercises, in which he was required to engage; for he observes, in reference to their meetings for worship, "I believed they were not truly edifying; but were kept up in formality, without seeking for the divine unction and the fresh arisings of the Spirit of life, and with going to them I was uneasy." Occasionally he went to hear the public preaching of the

In 1788, he married Mary Routh, a Friend of the neighbourhood. This connection subsisted for nineteen years; and, in recording its dissolution by her death, in 1807, the bereaved husband bears an affecting and beautiful tribute to "her love of truth and of holiness, her love of her Lord and Saviour above all;" blessing the Lord for permitting him to have a partner of so much real worth.

The experience of our dear friend illustrates the faithfulness of the promise, "Trust in the Lord, and do good, so shalt thou dwell in the land and verily thou shalt be fed." A little before his marriage, his father, in whose hands he had

placed all his savings, was brought from a state | Robert Whitaker became interested in Welsh of outward respectability and comfort, to a state literature, and devoted much of his leisure in of penury, by the dishonest conduct of a worthless acquiring a knowledge of the language, of which neighbour, for whom he had become security to a he continued to be a great admirer to the end large amount. In the father's poverty the son of his days. His sojourn at Llanidloes appears shared to the full; for on leaving the paternal to have been associated with some of his most roof for the last time, he states he had only three- cherished recollections, and few subjects afforded pence to begin the world with; but he piously him more gratification in the decline of life, than adds, "The Lord was on my side at that time, those which were connected with the scenery, the I have good ground to believe, and in him I was literature, or the society of Friends in Wales. encouraged to trust." In 1796, the school was given up, and most of the children were sent to Ackworth; to which place our dear friends also removed; Robert Whitaker having been engaged as Secretary or book-keeper in the Institution there. His state of mind on this occasion, is thus pourtrayed:-"When I first entered upon my situation at Ackworth School, my mind was humble, and I was very desirous of serving Him, who I believed had been with me and mine in our sojourn in Wales, and had enabled us to be of some little use in that remote quarter; but in a while, I believe the fervour abated, and I was in danger of becoming an unprofitable servant." For nine years he discharg

There are few circumstances more instructive in the narrative which Robert Whitaker has left behind him, than the deep filial piety which characterized him. His visits to the humble abode of his aged parents at Shrewsbury, which were continued to the end of their days, are described with touching simplicity and tenderness. They both lived to a good old age; and their declining years were soothed, their wants provided for, and their comfort promoted by the unremitting attentions of the son whom they had, in his early childhood, religiously trained up in the fear of the Lord. His last visit to his " venerable, honoured, and truly beloved father," is thus described,-ed with exemplary fidelity, the duties of his situ "He was then stooping with age, and his locks were as white as wool. * * * * We parted under a solemn covering, commending each other to the continued care and guidance of Him, who had been the support of my dear parents, even in the times of greatest trial, all their life long."

"My gettings," the narrative continues, "were comparatively small, but we shaped our expenditure accordingly; having plenty, and a little to spare for the entertainment of our friends and for real charity. I believe that I believe that our yearly expenses, including rent and travelling, did not exceed thirty guineas." Happy would it be, if all in the present day, would emulate the praiseworthy example of this honoured servant of the Lord, and, how small soever their means may be, regulate their expenditure accordingly;how many would be saved from much perplexity and disgrace, and how many would prove the truth of the declaration-" Before honour is humility."

ation, and was thus preparing for the higher and more weighty responsibilities which awaited him.

In 1804, the superintendent, Doctor Binns, retired from his post. The humble-minded subject of this memorial thus characteristically refers to the event, as affecting his own position; "The care then measurably devolved on me; though I was quite unfit for so great a charge. It pleased the All-wise Director, to enable us who were in the school, to carry on the work without any very apparent deficiency till the General Meeting of 1805; and at that time, as no very eligible Friend had offered to fill the place of Superintendent, the General Meeting put me into it. Alas! I never possessed talents for such a weighty undertaking.'

Such, however, was not the estimate formed of him by those who closely watched his christian walk, and who knew well that few men were so richly endowed for the service. His industrious habits, his conciliatory manners, his literary

his religious experience, all combined to fit him for the post which he so long and so honourably occupied.

On this honest, humble, yet truly liberal chris-qualifications, his sound, discriminating judgment, tian pair, the divine blessing descended. After carrying on the school at Crawshawbooth, for several years, they were invited to take charge of a school then about to be established at Llanidloes, by the late Richard Reynolds, and other Friends of Coalbrookdale, for the children of Friends in Wales. Accordingly, in the year 1792, they entered upon their new charge, and gave so much satisfaction that the English School, as it was called, soon became popular. In addition to the boarders, for whom it was chiefly designed, day scholars of the upper classes were plentiful, and a number came from the neighbouring counties, and were boarded in the town in order to attend it. During his residence in the Principality,

At the time of Robert Whitaker's entrance on the administration of affairs at Ackworth, the state of the school was far from satisfactory; great want of harmony prevailed; and it required no small degree of christian prudence to walk well and wisely amidst the discordant elements; but the mild, courteous, and conciliatory course, which, amidst all discouragements, he steadily pursued, won the esteem and confidence of those over whom he presided. His conduct exemplified "how good and how pleasant it is for brethren to dwell together in unity:" and his influence re