their verb; for each of thefe" is an atchieveinent by which men grow famous.”

As fentences themfelves are divided into fimple and compounded, fo the members of fentences may be divided likewife into fimple and compounded members: for whole fentences, whether fimple or compounded, may become members of other fentences by means of fome additional connexion.

Simple members of fentences clofely connected together in one compounded member, or fentence, are diftinguithed or feparated by a Comma: as in the foregoing examples.

So likewife, the cafe abfolute; nouns in opposition, when comifting of many terms; the participle with fomething depending on it; are to be diftinguifhed by the Comma: for they may be refolved into fimple members.

When an addrefs is made to a perfon, the noun, anfwering to the vocative cafe in Latin, is distinguished by a Comma.

Examples:

"This faid, He form'd thee, Adam; thee, O man, Duft of the ground."

"Now morn, her rofy steps in th' eastern clime Advancing, fow'd the earth with orient pearl." Milton.

Two nouns, or two adjectives, connected by a fingle Copulative or Disjunctive, are not feparated by a point: but when there are more than two, or where the conjunction is underfood, they must be diftinguifhed by a Conima.

Simple members connected by relatives, and comparatives, are, for the mott part, diftinguished by a Comma: but when the members are fhort in comparative fentences; and when two members are clofely connected by a relative, reftraining the general notion of the antecedent to a particular fenfe: the paufe becomes almoft infenfible, and the Comma is better omitted.

Examples:

"Raptures, tranfports, and extafies, are the rewards which they confer : fighs and tears, prayers and broken hearts, are the offerings which are paid to them." Addison, ibid.

#Gods, partial, changeful, paffionate. unjuft, Whole attributes were rage, revenge, or luft." Pope.

incomplete.

The Exclamation point, The Parenthesis,

marked

The Interrogation and Exclamation Points are fufficiently explained by their names: they are indeterminate as to their quantity or time, and may be equivalent in that refpect to a Semicolon, a Colon, or a Period, as the fenfe requires. They mark an elevation of the voice.

The Parenthefis inclofes in the body of a fentence a member inferted into it, which is neither neceffary to the fenfe, nor at all affects the conftruction. It marks a moderate depreffion of the voice, with a pause greater than a Comma.

Lowth.

214

1. The firft Oration against Philip: pronounced in the Archonship of Aristodemus, in the first year of the Hundred and Seventh Olympiad, and the ninth of Philip's reign.

INTRODUCTION.

W defign of paffing into Greece,

E have feen Philip oppofed in his

through Thermopyla; and obliged to retire. The danger they had thus efcaped deeply affected the Athenians. So daring an attempt, which was, in effect, declaring his purposes, filled them with aftonishment: and the view of a power, which every day received new acceffions, drove them even to defpair. Yet their averfion to public bufinefs was ftill predominant, They forgot that Philip might renew his attempt; and thought they had provided fufficiently for their fecurity, by pofting a body of troops at the entrance of Attica, under the command of Menelaus, a foreigner. They then proceeded to convene an affembly of the people, in order to confider what measures were to be taken to check the progrefs of Philip. On which occafion Demofthenes, for the first time, appeared against that prince; and difplayed thofe abilities, which proved the greatest obstacle to his defigns.

At Athens, the whole power and management of affairs were placed in the people. It was their prerogative

to receive appeals from the courts of juftice, to abrogate and enact laws, to make what alterations in the state they judged convenient; in fhort, all matters, public or private, foreign or domeftic, civil, military, or religious, were determined by them. Whenever there was occafion to deliberate, the people affembled early in the morning, fometimes in the forum or public place, fometimes in a place called Pnyx, but most frequently in the theatre of Bacchus. A few days before each affembly there was a Προγραμμα or Placard fixed on the ftatues of fome illustrious men erected in the city, to give notice of the fubject to be debated. As they refused admittance into the affembly to all perfons who had not attained the neceffary age, fo they obliged all others to attend. The Lexiarchs ftretched out a cord dyed with fcarlet, and by it pushed the people towards the place of meeting. Such as received the ftain were fined; the more diligent had a small pecuniary reward. These Lexiarchs were the keepers of the register, in which were inrolled the names of fuch citizens as had a right of voting. And all had this right who were of age, and not excluded by a perfonal fault. Undutiful children,cowards,brutal debauchees, prodigals, debtors to the public, were all excluded. Until the time of Cecrops, women had a right of fuffrage, which Rr3 they