proceeded eastward on the rampart, till he came to a flope at the new fally port, which was fo much crowded he could not make his way into the town. Whilft in this fituation, the advance of the ftorming party, which had followed his track along the rampart, came up to the bridge; and upon the first fire into the gate the Sultaun was wounded. Upon receiving this wound, he advanced through the crowd three or four paces into the gateway, when he received a fecond fhot through the left breaft, and his horfe wounded in one of his legs. The Sultaun having told Rajab Cawn that he was wounded, this faithful fervant, who remained with his master (and who was himself fhot through the leg), propofed to him to discover himself; but the Sultaun cried out," Are you mad be filent." Rajab Cawn then endeavoured to difengage him from the faddle, in which attempt they both fell, together with the horse, amongst the dead and wounded men. The firing had now nearly ceafed below the arch of the gateway, when an English grenadier came up to Tippoo (not know. ing him to be the Sultaun), and feized his fword belt, with a view to ftrip it of the gold buckle by which it was faftened. The Sultaun inftantly ftretched out his right hand (the lower part of his body being entangled amongst the dead bodies), and fnatching a drawn fword, which happened to lie within his reach, made a ftroke at the grenadier. The blow falling upon his mufquet, he made a fecond ftroke at another foldier with more effect -when he was immediately killed by a mufquet ball which penetrated his right temple. Some time before the Sultaun fell, he advanced towards the attack; and when within about two hundred yards of the breach, he stood behind one of the traverfes of the rampart, and fired seven or eight times with his own hand at fuch of the affailants as had advanced within fhot. Rajab Cawn was of opinion, that three or four Europeans fell by the Sultaun's fire. On the furrender of the place, the Sultaun's body was found, after a diligent fearch, amongst heaps of flain, when it appeared he had been fhot a little above the right ear by a mufquet ball, which lodged near the mouth in his left cheek, and that he had alio received three wounds, apparently with the bayonet, in his right fide. Perfon of the Sultaun. about five feet eight inches high, a short Tippoo Sultaun was in his person neck, fquare fhoulders, and rather corpulent; his limbs were small in the proportion to his body, particularly his feet and hands; he had large full eyes, small arched eye-brows, and an aquiline nofe his complexion was brown, and the general expreffion of his countenance not void of dignity. His familiar day was as follows: He rose at break of day, when after being champoed * and rubbed, he washed himself, and read the Koran for an hour. He then gave audience to fuch of his officers, civil or military, as it was neceffary for him to fee on public business, and afterwards fpent about half an hour in infpecting the Jamdar Khana (a place where the jewellery, plate, fruit, and other articles, were kept). Upon his return, his breakfast was prepared for him, and at this repait a Moonby and the three youngest children were prefent. On occafions of particular bufinefs, he shut himself up with his Counsellors, and the children were not fent for. His favour. ites, and those with whom he was in the habit of confulting, were Meer Saduck, the Binky Nabob, Sied Mahommed Afoof, Purneah, Golam Alli, Almud Khan (the late Ambaffador to Poonah), and his principal Moonshy, or Secretary, Hubbub Oollah. During breakfast, the converfation, on the part of Tippoo Sultaun, turned chiefly on his past wars and exploits, and on his future projects; and this was the time that he dictated the heads of fuch letters as he wifhed to be written. His diet at breakfast chiefly confifted of nuts, almonds, fruit, jelly, and milk, After breakfast, he dressed himself in rich clothes, and proceeded to the Durbar, where he difpatched the ordinary affairs of his government. Upon other occafions his drefs was plain and coarse. It was his custom to review every morning the new levies and recruits, and to enquire into their caft, country, and the extent of their religious knowledge. If he was fatisfied with their examination, they were in confequence entertained at a higher rate of pay; but if deficient in the knowledge of the faith, they were The operation of preffing, or kneading the flesh or muscles, for the purpose of promoting the circulation of the fluids, delivered delivered over to the Cauzy of the Cut chery, to which they were attached, to be inftructed in the principles of religion. In the evening, when the Sultaun had Icifure, he cominonly went out on horte back to fuperintend the discipline of the troops. He generally flood upon the outwork before the Bangolore, or Eattern Gate, and from thence directed their exercife and manœuvres. On other days he inspected the repairs of the fortincations and buildings. Returning to the Palace, he received reports of work done in the arfenals, manufactories, &c. &c. the news of the day, and the communications from his fpies and intelligencers. At this time likewife he delivered his orders, as well as his answers to petitions and letters from the different provinces. He generally paffed the evening with his three eldelt fons, and one or two of the principal Officers of each of the departments of State. All thefe ufually fat down to fupper with him; and Hubbub Oollab aflerts, that his converfation was remarkably lively, entertaining, and inftructive. During this meal he was fond of reciting pailages from the molt admired hiftorians and poets. Sometimes he amused himself with farcafms upon the Caufers, or Infidels, and enemies of the Circar; and often discoursed upon learned and religious fubjects with the Cauzy and Moonfhy. Having difmiffed his company, which he always did after the repatt, he was accustomed to walk about by himtelf for exercife, and when tired to ' Jie down on his couch and read a book, either upon the fubject of religion or hifrory, until he fell asleep. There were his utual occupations, except on days of im portant bulinels or religious ceremonies, The Library of Tippoo Sultaun. This library confifted of about two thoufand volumes in the various branches of Afiatic Literature, and an extenfive collection of original State Papers, of a nature the most interesting and important. Thefe valuable documents conftitute a fulficient frock of materials for a complete history of the reigns of Hyder Alli Khan and Tippoo Sultaun, and the proofs which they afford of the Lyftematic and unremitting ardour with which the late Sulrun laboured at the tubversion of the British power in India, are numerous, and of the most unequivocal kind. In this collection are likewife a regifter of his dreamy, which was discovered by Colonel Kirkpatrick in an efcrutoire amongit feveral papers of a fecret nature. Hubbub Oollah knew there was fuch a book of the Sultaun's compofition, but had never feen it, as the Sultaun always manifelted a peculiar anxiety to conceal it from the view of any one, who happened to approach him whilft he was either reading or writing in it. Of thefe extraordinary productions, fix only have been as yet tranflated. By fome of these it appears, that war and conqueff, and the deftruction of the Kaufers (Infidels), were not lefs fubjects of his fleeping than his waking thoughts. All the records which were found in the palace are now in the poffeffion of the Marquis Wellefley; and as his Lordship intends to have the whole translated as foon as poffible, the public may expect, in a fhort time, to be presented with a work not lefs curious than interesting. General Chara&er of the Suliaun, inferred from bis Habits, Maxims, Difcourfes, &c. His thoughts were conftantly bent on war and military preparations. He has been frequently heard to fay, "He would rather live two days like a tiger, than two hundred years like a beep" and in confirmation to this opinion, he adopted as the emblem of his ftate, and as a fpecies of armorial bearing, the figure of a royal tiger, whofe head and ftripes conftituted the chief ornament of his throne, and of almost every article which belonged to him. During the fiege, Hubbub Oollab was prefent at a Durbar, when Tippoo obferved to Budr ul Zeman Khan (who defended Darwar fo gallantly in the laft war), "In the courfe of my life I have been prefent at many battles, but never at the defence of a fort. I have no idea of the proper method of defending this fort; but after the prefent fiege, by God's favour, I will make myself master of this part of the art of war." When the Sultaun had any bufinefs of importance to tranfact, or any letters to dispatch which required uncommon deliberation, he always devoted one day to his own reflections before he took the opinion of one of his Counsellors. After having fufficiently confidered the fubject in queftion, he assembled the principal · Officers of the Departments of State, and writing, in his own hand, the nature of the fubject to be referred to their confide. ration, he required from each perfon an answer in writing. He derived little benefit, however, from these deliberations, as most of those who were acquainted with the Sultaun's difpofition accommo dated their difpofition to his wishes. Some, who had his welfare at heart, fated freely what they thought moft beneficial, without paying any regard to his prejudices; but on those occafions the Sultaun never failed to manifelt great reSentment, which he expreffed to others, whose sentiments were fimilar to his own, by faying contemptuously, "What are thefe fellows about? Are they in their fenfes? Do give them a little common understanding?" In confequence of this, his real friends, finding their advice had no other effect but to be injurious to themselves or families, were compelled at length to regulate their opinions by his whims and prejudices. The Sultaun was extremely averfe to fpirituous liquors, and to all kinds of exhilirating drugs, the fale of which he prohibited throughout his dominions. When Meer Sadduc, his Minifter, reprefented to him the extent of the lofs which he had sustained in the courte of a few years, by his edicts against the fale of thefe articles, the Sultaun replied, "That Kings fhould be inflexible in their orders -that God had forbidden the ufe of wines and that he should perfift in exacting a strict obedience to his edicts on that fubject." Though careful of the morals of his people in this and fome other particulars, his general nature was decifive and fanguinary, and particularly to his prifoners. Befide the cruelty which he committed during the fiege, of putting to death, in cold blood, feveral European foldiers, who were his prifoners, there was the following paper found in the Sultaun's own hand-writing, and faithfully tran lated from the original by Colonel Kirkpatrick; where amongst other things he lays, "There are 500 Coorg prioners, who must be thrown, in parties of fifty, into ten forts, where they must be dealt with in fuch a manner, as thall inture their death in the courie of a month or twenty days-fuch of the women as are young must be given to Mufleimauns; and the reft, together with their children, must be removed to, and kept in confine ment at Seringapatam on a fmall allow ance. He was paffionately fond of new inven. tions, on which he lavished immenfe fums, without reaping any adequate advantage. In his palace was found a great variety of curious words, daggers, tufils, piftols, and blunderbuffes; fome were of exqui fite workmanship, mounted with gold or filver, and beautifully inlaid, and ornamented with tigers heads and stripes, or with Perfian and Arabic verses. › After the peace of 1792, fome of his Counsellors ftrongly, urged him to dif charge the fuperfluous perfons attached to the different departments of his go verriment. To which he replied, "Thefe people are fed by God, not me; therefore I must not discharge them." He was fond of riding, and particularly excelled in horfemanship. He dilapproved of palanquins, hackeries, and all fuch conveyances, as proper only for women. In his ordinary drefs he was very plain, wearing ufually a fword flung acrof's his body, with a dagger in his girdle. Whenever he went abroad, either on horfeback or otherwife, he was accompanied by a numerous body of attendants, carrying muiquets and fowling pieces; and with this retinue he appeared fometimes on the ramparts during the fiege. During the last fourteen days of the siege, the Sultaun took up his refidence in the Culally Dudy, which was formerly a water-gate, through the outer rampart of the north face of the fort, which he closed up about the year 1793. Here he occupied a mall ftone choultry within the gate, inclosed by curtains, forming an apartment, wherein he eat and flept. He had now lefs the appearance of state than ever; his time was taken up in ordering the detail and diftribution of his troops, or in giving directions for the defence of the fort. He appeared from fome of his expreffions, as well as the whole of his conduct, to be refolved on defending the fort to the la extremity. He had been often heard to fay, A's a man could only die once, it was of little confequence when the pe riod of his existence might terminate :” and whilft buckling on his word (on the morning of the very day in which he himfelf tell), a meffenger having announced to him that his friend and Counsellor Syed Goffar was killed; he replied, with great compofure, "Syed Goffar was never afraid of death; let Mahommed Callim take charge of Syed Goffar's divilion." Such was the character of Tippog Sultaun, a Prince of magnanimity in the field, fome regularity in the arrangement of his affus, and abltemicufnefs in refpe&t to his mode of living; but these qualities were more than balanced by an overbearing ambition, dictated by revenge, which could could not accommodate itfelf to the unavoidable events of life. Owing to this (ever fince his treaty with Lord Corn wallis in the year 1792), his whole con duct has been a continued fcene of rathnefs, caprice, and weaknefs. The exter mination of the English from India was the continual object of his meditations and actions: and in the folly of undertaking this, and the rafhness of conduct.. ing it, he loft his own life and dominions. May this terrible example (though its effects upon an unoffending family cannot be contemplated without ftrong emotions of compaffion) prove the more falutary to the Princes of India, by impreffing on their minds a deeper fenfe of the danger of violating public engagements, and of inviting foreign invaders to affift them in fchemes for the deftru&tion of British power in that quarter! [The tranflation of fix of the dreams of Tippoo Sultaun (alluded to in thefe Memoirs) with memoranda found in his pocket book after his death, in our next.] CAPE OF GOOD HOPE. (WITH A VIEW.) HIS important place, which connects ated on the extremity of Africa, in 8r. 23. Eaft long, and 34. 29. South lat. and was difcovered by the Portuguese in 1493. It is a neat well-built town, which has all the regularity and neatnefs ufual amongst the Dutch, to whom it formerly belonged. The ftreets are all parallel to each other; and there is one large fquare with trees planted round, and a canal of water from fprings running down: the houses are very good, and have a neat appearance on the outfide, which altoge. ther make it a very pretty town, and, fome few circumstances excepted, equal in neatnefs and convenience to any of our fea ports in England. The town ftands under the shelter of three steep lofty hills, which extend a confiderable way into the country: these hills, from their shape, are called the Table Land, the Sugar Loaf, and the Lion's Rump; the firit of which, before a gale of wind, is always covered with a thick cloud, which the people call the Devil's Table Cloth; it is an infallible fign that within twelve hours, at molt, the wind will blow ftrong off the land; the wind lafts perhaps for two or three days, when it ceafes for a day or two, and then after the fame fign begins to blow again: it is almost a con tinual high wind; not however fo tur. bulent but that hips fide very fafe at anchor nine months in the year in the bay; which is formed by a little itland opposite, called Penguin Island. In the winter months, which are June, July, and Auguft, any fhip which arrives is obliged to put into another bay about eight miles to the eastward of the Cape, called Cape Falfo, or Falfe Bay. The inhabitants are of opinion, that the high winds are a great bleffing; for fay they, the climate is hot, and we stand fo very low, that a common breeze could not reach us, and the place would be very unhealthy. As it is they enjoy a competent fhare of health, having but few fickly people amongst them ; and yet, as a voyager afferts, what is very extraordi nary, their lives in general do not exceed fifty years, and vast numbers die between forty and fifty; fo that a very old man er woman is really a wonder. Conftantia, a place vifited by all strangers, is a neat farm about eight miles from the Cape, remarkable for making very rich wines, both red and white, which are much effeemed every where, both on account of their richness and fcarcity. The grapes, it feems, of this vineyard, owing to fome particular in the foil, are fuperior to any other in the country. On the breaking out of the war with the Dutch, Admiral Sir G. K. Elphinftone, with Generals Clarke and Craig, attacked the Cape; and on the 16th of September 1795, the colony and castle furrendered to the British troops: a full account of which may be seen in our Magazine for December 1795, p. 418. WILLIAM |