large hard swel'-lings at the bottom of the breast, on the knees, and on the in'-side of each leg.

In A-ra'-bi-a and other countries, where the cam'el is trained to use'-ful pur'-pos-es, it is con-sid'-ered as a sa'-cred animal, without which the na'-tives could neither traf'-fic, trav'-el, nor sub-sist'; its milk forms a con-sid'-er-a-ble part of their nour'-ish-ment; they clothe them-selves' with its hair, which is shed regʻ-u-lar-ly once a year; and on the ap-proach' of en'-e-mies, they may, by mounting their cam'-els, flee to the dis'-tance of a hundred miles in a sin'-gle day. It must also be ob-served' that these quadru-peds are so ex-treme'-ly tem'-per-ate, and ca'pa-ble of such long ab'-sti-nence, that in those vast des'-erts, where the earth is every where dry and sandy, where there are neither beasts nor birds, neither in'-sects nor veg'-e-ta-bles, they post forward without re-qui'-ring either drink or pas'-ture for five or six days together.

In Tur-key, Per'-si-a, A-ra'-bi-a, Bar'-ba-ry, and E'-gypt, com'-merce is almost en-tire'-ly car-ried on by means of camels; no car'-riage being so speedy and reason'-a-ble in those countries. Mer'-chants and trav-el-lers u-nite' them-selves' into a body furnished with camels, to se-cure' themselves from the in'-sults and dep-re-da'-tions of rob'-bers. This as-sem'-blage is called a car-a-van', in which the numbers have been some'-times known to a-mount' to eight or ten thousand.

EXERCISES. What is the general height of the camel? What kind of head, ears, and neck, has it? By what is it rendered remarkable? What is the camel considered in Arabia and other countries? Without it what could the natives not do? What does its milk form? What do they do with its hair? What distance can they flee in a single day from their enemies? How long can they travel without requiring drink or pasture? In what countries is commerce carried on by means of camels? For what purpose do merchants and travellers unite themselves into a body furnished with camels? What is this assemblage called? In a caravan what have the numbers sometimes amounted to?

THE BEAR.

The com'-mon bear is a heav'-y looking quadru-ped, of a large size, and covered with shag'-gy hair. It has a prom'-i-nent snout, a short tail, and treads on the whole sole of its foot. It is a na'-tive of nearly all the northern parts of A'-si-a and Eu'rope, and it is said to be found in Cey-lon' and other In'-di-an islands, and also in some parts of Af'-ri-ca and A-mer'-i-ca.

In northern cli'-mates, it is of a brown col-our; in other parts of Eu'-rope, it is black; in Nor'-way it is found gray and even white. The black bear confines itself almost en-tire'-ly to veg'-e-ta-ble food; but the brown, fre'-quent-ly attacks lambs, kids, and even cattle, and sucks their blood like the weasels. Bears are fond of honey, and often seek for it in trees, of which they are ex'-cel-lent climb/-ers, in spite of their awk'-ward ap-pear-ance. The bear is not nat'-u-ral-ly a fierce animal; but it be-comes' a very for'-mi-da-ble en'-e-my when attacked or when de-prived' of its young.

In its habits, this animal is sav'-age and sol'-i-ta-ry

It either re-sides' in the hol'-low of a tree, or some un-fre-quent'-ed wood, and takes up its a-bode' in those moun'-tain-ous steeps that are so dif'-fi-cult of ac-cess' to the hu'-man foot. In these lone-ly re-treats', it pass'-es several months in the winter in a state of tor-pid-i-ty, without motion or sense, and never quits them till it is compelled by hun'-ger to search for a fresh supply of food.

Al-though' the bear is of a surly dis-po-șiti'-on, yet when taken young, it submits, in a certain degree, to be tamed; and by being taught to e-rect' itself upon its hind'-er legs, moves about to the sound of mu'-sic in a clumsy, awkward kind of dance. But no hu-mane' person would have any pleasure in looking at dancing bears, if he considered that, in making them learn this ac-com'-plish-ment, the greatest cru'-el-ty is prac-tised, such as setting the poor creatures on plates of hot i'-ron. All such in-flic'-tions of suffering for the sake of mere a-muse/-ment should be dis-cour-aged.

EXERCISES.-What sort of animal is the common bear? Of what places is the bear a native? Of what colour is it in northern climates? Where is it found gray, and even white? To what kind of food does the black bear confine itself? What animals does the brown bear frequently attack? What are bears fond of? What are the habits of this animal? In what state does it pass several months in winter? Of what disposition is the bear? Does it submit to be tamed? What cruelty is practised in making bears learn to dance?

THE FOX.

The fox is a quad'-ru-ped of the dog kind. This animal is found in almost every quar-ter of the

world. His col-our is brown; he has a sharp muz'zle; his ears are e-rect' and pointed; and his tail is straight and bush'-y, and tipped with white. His gen'-er-al res'-i-dence is a den or large bur-rōw, formed under the sur'-face of the ground, or in some deep crev'-ice of a rock. This he seldom leaves till the evening; and then he prowls about the woods and fields for food, till the morning. He feeds on hares, rab'-bits, põul'-try, feath'-ered game, moles, rats, and mice; and is known to be very fond of fruit. He runs down hares and rabbits by pur-su'ing them like a slow hound. His voice is a sort of yelping bark.

Al-though' the fox is very de-struc'-tive to poultryyards and game, and some'-times takes the lib'-er-ty of car'-ry-ing off or de-vour-ing a lamb, he is also of service to mankind, by de-stroy'-ing many kinds of of-fen'-sive animals. His skin also con'-sti-tutes a soft and warm fur, which, in many parts of Europe, is used for muffs and tippets, for the li'-nings of winter garments, and for robes of state. In some parts of the Con'-ti-nent his flesh is eaten for food.

In many countries, par'-tic-u-lar-ly in England, hunting the fox is a fa'-vour-ite field sport. Gen'tle-men on horse'-back hunt him with slow hounds, and he has been known to run fifty miles, and after all to save his life, by wea'-ry-ing out the dogs as well as the hors'-es and hunts'-men.

His va'-ri-ous strat'-a-gems for ob-tain'-ing prey and

a-void-ing his en'-e-mies, have justly pro-cured' for him the char'-ac-ter of cun'-ning; so that " as cunning or crafty as a fox" has grown into a prov'-erb. Many in'-stan-ces of his having this qual-i-ty in great per-fec-tion are re-la'-ted. A fox had been fre-quent-ly chased, and he always e-scaped' by appearing to go over a steep high rock; and it com'mon-ly happened that several of the dogs, in the ea-ger-ness of pur-suit', went after him and were killed. At last, on ex-plo'-ring the place, the hunts'men were so for'-tu-nate as to dis-cov'-er that the fox had his den just un'-der the brow of the rock, and that, by laying hold with his teeth of a strong twig that grew beside it, he had the art of swing'-ing himself into the hole, out of which, however, he was able to scram'-ble at any time without dan'-ger. But human skill baffles the cunning of the fox. The huntsmen cut off the twig; and next time that Reynard was pursued, he ran to catch it as formerly, trusting that it was still there; but, of course, he missed his aim, and tumbling down among the rocks, was mangled almost as much as if he had been torn to pieces by the dogs.

EXERCISES.-Of what kind is the fox an animal? Where is he found? What is his colour? What sort of muzzle, ears, and tail, has he? What is his general residence? When does he leave his den? On what does he feed? How does he run down hares and rabbits? What sort of voice has he? How is the fox of service to man? What does his skin constitute? For what is his fur used? Where is his flesh eaten for food? In what country, in particular, is hunting the fox a favourite field sport? How many miles has he been known to run? What have procured for him the character of cunning? How did a certain fox that had been