stages, had been marked somewhat generally and loosely by a Dative only, were gradually indicated in a manner more restricted and precise; and the Ablative of the Grammarian after sometimes undergoing a slight change of termination, but frequently not, began to assume a character distinct from the Dative. This fact indeed has been so often insisted upon, and is so generally admitted, that the original identity of the two cases, as well in meaning as in form, will hardly now be disputed. Hence it is inferred, that if the ancient Dative of is can be satisfactorily proved to have been ibi, we are entitled to conclude that it possessed under that form also the genuine force and meaning of an Ablative. Thus, then, from postibi, which is held to be only a more antiquated form of postea, we infer that the terminating ea is an Ablative singular, not an accusative plural; and from the whole of the previous reasonings and arguments we conclude, that the final a in these words is long, not because they are adverbs, for this assertion explains nothing respecting the origin, or cause of their quantity, but because ea in such compounds is primarily and strictly an Ablative case, and as such follows in its quantity the ordinary laws of the language. Hence too we maintain that Gesner, Facciolati, Adam, and a host of the most eminent Lexicographers have given an erroneous account of the case of these compounding pronouns, and that they are all, on the same ground, chargeable with error in assigning a short quantity to the final a of postea in its compound posteaquam. Præterea, which rarely occurs as an Adverb of time, may nevertheless probably be indebted to some such original application for its particular form and structure. Virgil indeed, who was profoundly versed in all that can, either directly, or by the influence of association, gain access to and touch the human heart, and who accordingly is careful to omit no opportunity of adorning his poetry with whatever might recall to his reader's mind the manners and language of ancient times, has in more than one passage of his immortal poems admitted or revived a signification of this word which seems, in his days, to have been rapidly falling into disuse. Besides the argument that may be reasonably drawn from Virgil's application of præterea to time, the word præterhac,' evidently formed on the same principles, and referring, perhaps exclusively, to time, is familiar to Plautus; thus, —præterhac mihi non facies moram, Mostel. i. 1. 72. 1 Vide Virg. Georg. 4. 502. Æn. 1.49., &c. 2 Præterhac must not be confounded with præter hæc which also occurs not unfrequently. from this time forward, at the time which immediately commences progress upon the expiration of the present instant. Whatever conclusions we may draw from such passages as this respecting the origin of præterhac, it seems hardly possible to doubt, that they must be equally applicable to præterea. But even with its more common signification we can see no very powerful reason for considering ea to be an Accusative. The formation of this word may be made perfectly agreeable to the analogy observed in the other words of the class by supposing that ea refers to the word re, or some one similar in meaning, gender and case that was formerly supplied; and we may conceive the full expression to have borne some resemblance to the following; præter (jam dicta res adhuc restat ; &c.) ea (autem nunc scribam, loquar, hæc notanda videntur, &c.) I must here repeat that I mean not to insinuate, that the Roman, even when his language was rudest, employed so many words as are here adduced to announce the idea conveyed by præterea, and still less that these and these only were the precise terms in which he expressed himself. It is enough if thus, so far as the substantial part of the argument is concerned, the general doctrine can be illustrated and confirmed. At the same time, from the proofs already adduced respecting this and the other words of the series, we can hardly withold our belief, that the abridgment of some expression, corresponding pretty nearly to that proposed, gave birth to that abbreviated form which must have been gradually substituted for the more circuitous phraseology of an earlier age. To these ample and primitive modes of diction a reference may be conceived to have been always present to the speaker's mind, and to have guided his choice of the case, number and gender of those apparently incoherent and detached fragments. These fragments, ill assorted as they may appear to be to the taste of a refined and polished age, in process of time became the signs or symbols of whole sentences, and thus communicated, with more dispatch than could otherwise have been effected, the various sentiments they are calculated to convey. The history of these compounds, even if admitted to be correct, can, I am aware, add little or nothing to our knowledge of the manner in which they ought to be used in Latin composition. But however true this remark may be, it may, nevertheless, prove of some consequence to the student of the philosophy of language, and to all those who delight to contemplate the march of the human mind, to trace the path of its advancement even within those contracted limits which the poverty of the present subject opposes to a comprehensive survey of its movements. Edinburgh, April, 1817. A. R. C. 359 J. STACKHOUSII EMENDATIONES IN ELIANUM HIST. ANIM. No. III. (Continued from No. XXVIII. p. 289.) - #liani H. A. ix. 31. Ποιμένα μοι νόει νομευτικὸν ἀγαθόν. Considera mecum ? Rectius, Ποιμένα μέν. [Vox νομευτικός extat quidem in H. Steph. Thes. Ind. et Schneideri Lex., sed αμαρτύρως. ED.] -32. Ὅπερ οὖν οἴεται καλῶς καὶ εἰς ἰλεὸν θησαύρισμα εἰληφέναι. Γ. 1. ίδιον. [" Ita Codex alter Gesneri et Mediceus pro οἱ ἔσται. Pro altera voce Gesnerus εἰλεόν, Kuhn ad V. H. i. 32. εἰς δέον reponit. Dum auctoritatem narrationis exquisiverimus, de lectione judicare non licet.” Schneider. Nobis placet Stackhousii conjectura ἴδιον. ED.] 34. Τοὺς ἐρετμοὺς μὲν τοὺς τέως προτείνας μακροτέρους οἴακας ἐργά ζεται. Γ. 1. ώς οἴακας. 37. Τὰ ὀρνύφια τὴν ἄνθην τῶν δένδρων σιτούμενα. Imo τὸν καρπόν. V. Theophr. —98. Καὶ οὕσπερ οὖν φιλοῦσιν ἁλιεῖς ὀνομάζειν πρέποντας. Καὶ μέγιστοι κ. τ. λ. Error forsan sic corrigendus, Ονομάζειν. Πρέποντες καὶ μέγιστοι, [“ Hæc omnia translata sunt ab Oppiano i. 150. Cf. Aristot. viii. 15. Plin. ix. 16. qui de asello eadem tradunt. Reliquos vero pisces, oves et πρέποντας aliunde non novimus.” Schneider. Nihil mutandum. Oppian. 1. c., Πρόβατόν τε καὶ ἥπατοι ἠδὲ πρέποντες. Deest voc. πρέποντες in H. Steph. Τhes. et Schneider. Lex. ED.] − 39. Τίκτει καὶ ἡ μηλέα. Γ. ἐν τῇ Μηλέα, sc. Κραμβίς. [Deinde pro τίκτει repone τίκτεται. ED. 43. Πανταχοῦ φοιτῶσι οἰστρούμενοι, καὶ μαστεύοντες τροφὴν πλείονα, ἵνα ὄγκου προσγενομένου αὐτοῖς καὶ ὑποπρησθέντες, ἀποῤῥήξωσιν ἑαυτῶν τὸ ἔλυτρον. Leg. ὑποπλησθέντες. [Cf. cap. 63., Οἴστρου τε ἀφροδισίου τὰ ζῶα ὑποπίμπλαται. ED.] -61. Τῆς ἐπιφανείας. An ἡ ἐπιφάνεια ? έν Χ. 1. Φησὶν ἐν συγγραφῇ Δίων, μόσχον ἐλέφαντος ὡραίαν, ὡς ἐκεῖνοι, ἰδεῖν συνελθεῖν ἐλέφαντι νέῳ καὶ καλῷ. Transponendo corrige, ὡραίαν ἰδεῖν, συνελθεῖν ἐλέφαντι νέῳ καὶ καλῷ, ὡς ἐκεῖνοι. [" Gesnero insolentior et confusa constructio ita componenda videtur: Δίων φησὶν ἀνὴρ τῆς τῶν ἐλεφάντων ἄγρας οὐκ ἄπειρος (pro ἄνδρα οὐκ ἄπειρον) ἰδεῖν μόσχον ἐλέφαντος συνελθεῖν et cet. De h. 1. disputat Vales. Emendd. p. 124." Schneider.] 13. Λιθῷ δὲ ἄρα ὁ μαργαρίτης ἔοικε πεπωρωμένῳ. L. πεπυρωμένῳ, ardenti, sc. Pyropo. Χ. 13. Φύσιν δὲ ἔχει τῆς περιφερείας τὸ λεῖον καὶ εὐπερίγραφον. Sensus videtur, Similis est naturæ cum testa circumambiente. Χ. 21. Καὶ ταῖς ἐξ ἀνθρώπων ξαίνουσι κνυζομένους καὶ δακρύοντας. Αν σάρκας ἀνθρώπων ἐξεμέουσι κνυζόμενοι καὶ δακρύοντες ? [“ Sc. πληγαῖς. Ita enim recte h. 1. interpretatur, et a variis conjecturis defendit Abresch ad Æschylum T. i. p. 140." Schneider.] 24. Εἰκάζουσι δὲ τὸν μὲν κροκόδειλον ἐκεῖνοι ὕδατι. Emblema aquæ in Hieroglyphicis? ut falco ignis. —Απότομον αὐτῶν εἶναι λέγοντες πῦρ καὶ ὕδωρ ἀμιγές. Ταῦτα οὖν πενθοῦντες Αἰγύπτιοί φασι. Au contractio ut in Hieroglyphicis ? vel pro ἄτοπον. Ρro ἀμιγές 1. ἀμιγεῖς. Pro πενθοῦντες 1. ἐννόουντες. 25. Κάτεισι δὲ ὑπὸ τὴν ὑπήνην αὐτοῖς γένειον. L. ἡ ὑπήνη ὑπὸ τὸ γένειον. τινά. 30. Εἰ λάβοι τινὰ ἕκαστος. Transpone, "Εκαστος αὐτῶν εἰ λάβοι — Καὶ παραθέντος ἑφθὰ κρέα καὶ ὀπτὰ, ἐμπίπλαται. L. παραθέντος κρεῶν ἐμπίπλαται, εἰ ἑφθὰ ᾗ ἡ ὀπτά. Φείδεται δὲ καὶ ἐσθῆτος, ἐνδὺς αὐτήν. Λη ἥδεται ? —31. Τοῦ παντὸς ἂν ἡ δίκη τιμήσαιτο τήνδε τὴν ἀσπίδα. Ι. πάντες ἂν σὺν δίκῃ τιμήσαιντο. -36. Ταῖς ὅσαι πεφύκασι sc. χωρίαις. Sed rectius legeretur ἐν τόποις ὅπου. Ενταῦθα γοῦν καὶ τὰς ἑαυτοῦ μούσας αὐτὸν φιλοσοφεῖν οἱ σοφοὶ τούτων φασί. Sensus, Cantilenam sacram vel philosophicam recitare. ΧΙ. 9. Οσα ἂν ἔχῃ καλῶς, i. e. possideat, vel venetur recte, honorifice, sed potius legendum αἰτήσῃ καλῶς. -10. Εἶτα. L. εἰ τά. — ̓Αλλὰ μήσιός γε οὐδὲ ταύτῃ ῥᾴθυμον. Sensus videtur, ̓Αλλὰ μηδαμῶς εἴην ταύτῃ ῥᾴθυμος. [" Μήσιος Cod. alter Gesneri μίσιος scribit. Gesnerus μνήσιος emendat.” Schneider.] ̓Αλλ ̓ ὄψει τι καὶ σύμβολον. L. ἐν ὄψει, in fronte, i. e, λευκὸν τετράγωνον ἐν τῷ μετώπῳ, Herod. iii. 28. 22. Ως ὁρᾶσθαι πᾶς, Ι. πᾶσι. 23. Καὶ φολίδας 1. κατά. 54. Υπηρέτις μὲν δὴ θεοῦ θεραπείας. Ι.. Σαραπίδος. 40. Διπάλλου βασιλέως. An ὑπ ̓ ἄλλου ? [“ Καὶ δ ̓ ἐπ ̓ ἄλλου, ita scripsi cum Gronovio, cui assentitur Abresch ad Æschylum iii. p. 408. et sic est in versione Gyllii. Vulgo και Διπάλλου βασιλέως, quasi Dipallus rex fuerit." Schneider.] ΧΙΙ. 5. Ὑπὸ δὲ τῷ βωμῷ καὶ φωλεύουσι λευκοὶ, καὶ παρὰ τῷ τρίποδι τοῦ ̓Απόλλωνος ἕστηκε μυς. Pone punctum post φωλεύουσι, et corr. λευκὸς δὲ καὶ κ. τ. λ. —6. Οἱ δὲ ἀπό τε Μουσῶν add. ἀλλότριοι. —Πλησίον τῆς θαλάττης· καὶ ἐκεῖνον, ὡς ὑμᾶς πολλάκις ἐῶσιν. L. πλησίον τῆς θαλάττης καὶ ἐκεῖνον, οὕτως ὑμᾶς. 7. Καὶ ὄναρ. 1. κατ' ὄναρ. ΧΙΙ. 18. Εμποδίζοντα εἰς τὸν ὠκὺν δρόμον ὑπὸ ῥύμης τὸ θηρίον ὠθούμενον. Sic transpone, Εμποδίζοντα τὸ θηρίον ὑπὸ ῥώμης ὠθούμενον εἰς τὸν ὠκὺν δρόμον. 27. Πυῤῥοὶ δέ εἰσιν οἱ κατὰ τοῦ ἰνίου πλατεῖς, ὡς βράγχια. Sc. TEVOVTES, aliquod simile branchiis piscium. -32. Πολλοὺς τίκτει καὶ διαφόρους, καὶ τὸ λειφθὲν τοῖς ἀπείροις ἄπειgov. An lusus verborum? Vel leg. T. λ. Teipov, numero infinitum. ["Hæc esse corrupta, nemo non videt. In altero suo Codice жερον abesse testatur Gesnerus. Versio Lat, sensum bene exprimit, Quarum species omnes persequi velle infinitum foret." Schneider.] CURÆ POSTERIORES. CLASSICAL JOURNAL, VOL. VIII. P. 350. M. Boyd croit que ces beaux vers de la Henriade sont imités de ce passage de St. Grégoire de Nazianze : il Οὕτω διεξῄειμεν ἥσυχον βίον Πηγή τις, οἶμαι, πόντιος καθ ̓ ὑδάτων Γλυκεῖα πικρῶν, ὥσπερ οὖν νομίζεται. Je répondrais presque que Voltaire, bien loin d'avoir imité les vers de St. Grégoire, ne les a jamais lus. Il ne puisoit pas à des sources si éloignées. Vers la fin de sa vie, quand il se fut mis en guerre ouverte et en révolte déclarée contre la religion Chrétienne, parcourut quelques volumes des Pères; mais ce fut pour y chercher des moyens de ridiculiser le christianisme et ses Apôtres, et non pas pour y prendre des images et des couleurs poétiques. Lorsqu'il fit la Henriade, il étoit fort jeune, et à cette époque il ne lisoit que les auteurs connus et classiques; Virgile, par exemple, où il a pris manifestement l'idée de sa comparaison. En effet, qui reconnoît dans ces vers de la dixième Eglogue, le type de ceux de Voltaire? Extremum hunc, Arethusa, mihi concede laborem.... Sic tibi, cum fluctus subterlabere Sicanos, Doris amara suam non intermisceat undam. Je ne crois pas non plus M. Boyd, quand il nous dit que le vers de Racine, Je crains Dieu, cher Abner, et n'ai point d'autre crainte, est imité d'une phrase de St. Chrysostôme. La pensée est tellement naturelle et simple qu'elle a pu se présenter à l'esprit de St. |