and a mail-coach and a coach in transit between Dublin and Limerick. A considerable quantity of agricultural produce is sold at the weekly markets on Monday, Thursday, and Saturday; and fairs are held on Jan. 16, Feb. 16, March 17, April 15, May 25, June 5, July 11, Aug. 10, Sept. 20, Oct. 20,

Nov. 22, and Dec. 14.

Poor-law Union.-The Naas Poor-law union ranks as the 16th; and was declared on Feb. 12, 1839. It comprises parts of the counties of Kildare, Dublin, and Wicklow, comprehending an area of 199,335 acres, with a pop., in 1831, of 51,731. Its electoral divisions, together with the number of valued tenements in each, are Kill, 376; Bodenstown, 181; Naas, 1,033; Rathmore, 209; Killishee, 198; Carnalway, 127; Giltown, 258; Kilcullen, 530; Usk, 280; Clane, 454; Timahoe, 323; Downings, 303; Carragh, 196; Kilmeague, 498; Old-Connell, 173; Newbridge, 376; Ratharnan, 282; Kildare, 638; Ballysax, 364; Moorfield, 266; Ballymore-Eustace, 614; Blessington, 463; and Boystown, 428. The baronies and portions of baronies, together with the number of valued tenements in each, included within the union, are Uppercross, 1; Clane, 1,276; Connell, 1,489; Kilcullen, 611; East Narragh and Rheban, 171; North Naas, 1,423; South Naas, 1,225; East Ophaly, 1,023; West Ophaly, 85; South Salt, 376; and Lower Talbotstown, 890. The total number of valued tenements is 8,570; and of these, 5,087 were valued under £5,-1,138, under £10,587, under £15, -300, under £20, 239, under £25,141, under £30, -233, under £40,-168, under £50,- and 677, at and above £50. The total nett annual value of the property rated is £134,695 9s. 6d. ; the total number of persons rated is 8,570; and of these, 2,556 were rated for a valuation not exceeding £1, 1,043, not exceeding £2,-683, not exceeding £3,-525, not exceeding £4, and 379, not exceeding £5. The workhouse was contracted for in July, 1839,-to be completed in Dec., 1840,-to cost £5,550 for building and completion, and £950 for fittings and contingencies, to occupy a site of 5 acres, 1 rood, 14 perches, obtained for an annual rent of £26 12s. 74d., -and to contain accommodation for 550 paupers. The date of the first admission of paupers was Aug. 4, 1841; the total expenditure thence till Feb. 6, 1843, was £6,690 12s. 11d.; and the total previous expenditure was £586 5s. 1d. The number of pauper inmates on Dec. 2, 1843, was 347. The medical charities within the union are the county infirmary at Kildare, fever hospitals at Naas and Kilcullen, and dispensaries at Blessington, Kilcullen, Naas, Newbridge, and Robertstown; and, in 1839-40, they received £477 9s. 6d. from subscription, £2,110 19s. from public grants, and £25 11s. from other sources, expended £518 1s. 10d. in salaries to medical officers, £132 Os. 5 d. for medicines, and £1,293 15s. 6d. for contingencies, and administered to 873 intern and 7,924 extern patients. In 1839-40, the Naas fever hospital expended £364 12s. 6d., and admitted 234 patients; and the Naas dispensary served for an area of 8,814 acres, with a pop. of 5,712, expended £33 17s. 6d., and administered to 2,012 patients.

Municipal Affairs.]-Naas is a borough of great antiquity, and probably by prescription; and it has charters of 2 Henry V., 11 Elizabeth, and 7 James I. The borough limits, according to the charter of Elizabeth, include all the lands, tenements, rents, and services, and all and singular other hereditaments which then were known, accepted, or reputed as part and number of the town of Naas, or within the precincts thereof;" but they neither define the included lands, nor indicate how far they extend from the centre of the town; and though they certainly

comprised a considerable district around the whole town, and possibly extended three miles northward and three miles southward, they have now, for a long period, been practically unknown. The corporation, according to charter, was styled, "The Sovereign, Provosts, Burgesses, and Commonalty of Naas;" and consisted of one sovereign, two provosts, and an indefinite number of burgesses and freemen. In 1833, no burgess and only 2 freemen were resident within the borough, only 8 burgesses and 7 freemen were anywhere in existence, and 6 of these burgesses and 3 of the freemen were members of Lord Mayo's family, while even the remainder were all his nominees and creatures. No instance was known, at the date of the Municipal Corporation Enquiry, of a Protestant dissenter, or a Roman Catholic having been admitted to the burgesship or the freedom. Two members were sent, nominally, from the borough, but actually from Lord Mayo, to the Irish parliament; and the £15,000 of compensation for disfranchisement at the Legislative Union, were paid to the Earl of Mayo and the Hon. and Rev. Richard Bourke, to be applied upon the trusts of his lordship's marriage-settlement. A borough court was at one time in existence, but has now been very long in desuetude. Naas is the seat of the spring assizes for the county of Kildare, of a half-yearly court of quarter-sessions, and of a weekly court of petty-sessions. The public peace is maintained by a party of the county constabulary. "The streets," says an official report in 1833, "are in a bad state of repair, although they form portions of the county roads, and should be kept in order by the trustees of the turnpikes. They are not often cleansed by the authorities, who, at the same time, prevent the inhabitants from doing so, as one of the portreeves claims the sweepings, which are valuable for manure. To such a length has this been carried, that persons have been fined for removing heaps of filth which had remained for days opposite their houses. No attempt has been made to introduce the provisions of the 9 Geo. IV., c. 82, for the purpose of lighting and paving the town." A considerable extent of property formerly belonged to the corporation; and the report now quoted says, in reference to a portion of this property which still remains: "Great poverty exists in this district, which might be materially alleviated by the application to public purposes of the property yet remaining to the corporation; and, if the management of that property were submitted to an efficient public control, a very considerable fund would be produced from it."

Statistics.]-Area of the town, 188 acres. Pop., in 1831, 3,808; in 1841, 3,571. Houses 590. Families employed chiefly in agriculture, 14; in manufactures and trade, 211; in other pursuits, 462. Families dependent chiefly on property and professions, 37; on the directing of labour, 318; on their own manual labour, 331; on means not specified, 1. Males at and above 5 years of age who could read and write, 727; who could read but not write, 261; who could neither read nor write, 473. Females at and above 5 years of age who could read and write, 632; who could read but not write, 398; who could neither read nor write, 667.

History.]-Naas was a place of considerable importance in the early ages of Irish history, and constituted a seat of the kings of Leinster. The town itself and the country around it formed, at the date of the Anglo-Norman invasion, the toparchy or subordinate principality of the chief sept MacCallan; and, after the Anglo-Norman conquest, it first was granted to William Fitzgerald, the son-in-law of Earl Strongbow, and then passed to successively the families of De Londres and De Preston. Soon after

the arrival of the English, the town was fortified; at various subsequent dates it was made the site of private embattled or military dwellings; in 1419, it was the scene of a meeting of parliament; in 1534, it was taken by the Lord-deputy Skeffington from Lord Thomas Fitzgerald, who was then in open rebellion; in 1577, it was to a great extent reduced to ashes, by an irruption of Rory-Oge-O'More, dynast of Leix; in 1650, it was captured for Cromwell, by Colonels Hewson and Reynolds; and, in 1798, at the very outset of the rebellion of that year, it sustained an attack from a body of insurgents, headed by a farmer of the name of Reynolds, but was successfully defended, at great loss to the assailants, by a body of the king's troops, under the command of Lieutenant-general Dundas,- Naas gives the title of Viscount to the Earl of Mayo.

NACHORE, a hill in the parish of Ardelinis, barony of Lower Glenarm, co. Antrim, Ulster. It extends inward from the beetling promontory of Garron Point; forms a small ridge; and attains an extreme altitude of 1,179 feet above sea-level.

NACUNG, a lake in the parish of Tullaghobegley, barony of Kilmacrenan, co. Donegal, Ulster. It measures 3 miles by 3 furlongs, has a surface. elevation of 188 feet above sea-level, and is nearly dissevered into two parts, called Upper Nacung and Lower Nacung; yet it almost strictly forms one lake with Lough Dunlewy, which extends 14 mile away to the east; and, viewed as including this lake, it stretches westward from the base of Errigal moun tain to the source or rather formation of the Clady river.

NAFFOY, or NAFOOEY, a lake in the parish and barony of Ross, co. Galway, Connaught, It lies among the mountains of Joyce-Country, 8 miles west-north-west of Cong. Length, eastward, 23 miles; breadth, 4; area, 630 acres, 1 rood, 7 perches; surface-elevation above sea-level, 96 feet. Its superfluent waters are carried off by the Finny rivulet, 2 miles eastward to an arm of Lough Mask; and on its shores are the hamlets of Shanafaraghaunmore and Shanafaraghaunbeg.

such comparative rapids as afford sites for three flour-mills and several grist-mills. The water of the stream has been reported peculiarly suitable for the purposes of bleaching. NANTENANE. See NATENANE.

NANTINAN, or NANTENANT, a parish in the baronies of Shanid and Lower Connello, 24 miles south-east by south of Askeaton, co. Limerick, Munster. Length, 2 miles; breadth, 2. Area of the Shanid section, 1,330 acres; of the Lower Connello section, 6,592 acres. Pop. of the whole, in 1831, 2,869; in 1841, 3,018. Houses 480. Pop. of the Lower Connello section, in 1841, 2,669. Houses 429. The entire surface, in a general view, consists of inferior land; the uplands being rocky, and the lowlands boggy and wasteful. Yet a considerable aggregate of good and even ornate ground exists; and the three seats of Nantinan, Thos. H. F. Royse, Esq., Stoneville, J. Massy, Esq., and Ballinvirigh, are situated in respectively the north, the south, and the east. The road from Adare to Shanagolden, and that from Askeaton to Rathkeale, intersect each other in the interior. This parish is a rectory, and a perpetual curacy, in the dio. of Limerick. The rectory is part of the benefice of LOUGHILL: which see. Tithe composition, £461 10s. 94d. The perpetual curacy is a separate benefice. Glebe, £3 15s. Gross income, £103 15s.; nett, £102 4s. 6d. Patron, the precentor of Limerick cathedral. The church was built in 1817, by means of a loan of £738 9s. 2‡d. from the late Board of First Fruits. Sittings 150; attendance 100. The Methodist meeting-house has an attendance of about 110. In 1834, the Protestants amounted to 425, and the Roman Catholics to 2,564; and a daily school was salaried with £5 a-year from subscription, and had on its books 22 boys and 11 girls,

NAPPAGH, an islet, immediately west of the island of Lettermullen, barony of Moycullen, co. Galway, Connaught,

NARIN, a post and fishing hamlet, on the north coast of the parish of Inniskeel, barony of Boylagh, co. Donegal, Ulster. It stands opposite the island of Inniskeel, 5 miles north of Ardara, 13 northnorth-west of Inver, and 118 north-west of Dublin. "Narin, if we can assign it a locality," says Mr. Fraser, "consists of a few wretched cabins, inhabit

NALLENROE, an alias name of Lough Carrowmore, barony of Erris, co. Mayo, Connaught, NALTEEN, See NILTEEN.

NANNY WATER (THE), a rivulet of the county of Meath, Leinster. It rises about 3 miles east-south-east of the Boyne at the town of Navan, and flows 13 miles east by northward, along the boundary between the baronies of Lower Navan and Lower Duleek on the north, and the baronies of Skreen and Upper Duleek on the south, to the Irish sea, at a point 34 miles south by east of the mouth of the Boyne. In the course of its progress, it suc cessively flows along the romantic glen of the Diamond-Rock, curves along the base of a pleasant amphitheatre of hills, expands into a beautiful lake within the ornate demesne of Somerville, and makes

barra bay, near to the Island of Inniskeel, on which there are some monastic remains. There is a church, a glebe-house, and a Methodist chapel in the neighbourhood, The ocean sets in with great force in this part of the coast, and from the extent of drifted sand mingling with the rocks and moor-land, the shores have a wild and desolate appearance." Pop. returned with the parish.

NARRAGH AND RHEBAN (EAST), a barony of the county of Kildare, Leinster. It is bounded, on the north, by Kilcullen; on the east, by co. Wicklow; on the south, by Kilkea and Moone; and on the west, by West Narragh and Rheban and West Ophaly. Length, south by westward, 63 miles; extreme breadth, 64; area, 21,374 acres, 10 perches. The surface consists, in the aggregate, of good champaign land; and its three loftiest grounds have altitudes above sea-level of respectively 574, 489, and 389 feet. This barony contains part of the parishes of Fontstown, Moone, Narraghmore, and Tankardstown, and the whole of the parishes of Davidstown, Timolin, and Usk. The chief villages are Timolin and Ballytore.

The Act 6 and 7 William IV., cap. 84, transferred one townland of Narraghmore, containing a population of 13, from East Narragh and Rheban to West Narragh and Rheban. Pop., in 1831, 7,386; in 1841, 7,049. Houses 1,149

Families employed chiefly in agriculture, 905; in manufactures and trade, 218; in other pursuits, 143. Families dependent chiefly on property and professions, 35; on the directing of labour, 369; on their own manual labour, 830; on means not specified, 32. Males at and above 5 years of age who could read and write, 1,217; who could read but not write, 576; who could neither read nor write, 1,357. Females at and above 5 years of age who could read and write, 757; who could read but not write, 755; who could neither read nor write, 1,565.East Narragh and Rheban is distributed among the Poor-law unions of Athy, Baltinglass, and Naas. The total number of tenements valued is 1,129; and of these, 664 were valued under £5,-137, under £10,-72, under £15,-46, under £20,-28, under £25,-26, under £30,-50, under £40,-26, under £50, and 80, at and above £50.

NARRAGH AND RHEBAN (WEST), a barony of the county of Kildare, Leinster. It is bounded, on the north, by West Ophaly; on the east, by East Narragh and Rheban; on the south, by Kilkea and Moone, and by Queen's county; and, on the west, by Queen's county. Length, southward, 5 miles; extreme breadth, 51; area, 22, 126 acres, 3 roods, 20 perches, of which 139 acres, 1 rood, 29 perches are in the river Barrow. A considerable district in the north is part of the great bog of Monavullagh. The rest of the surface consists, in general, of good champaign ground. The Barrow river and navigation pass through the interior. This barony contains part of the parishes of Narraghmore, St. John's of Athy, and St. Michael's of Athy, and the whole of the parishes of Churchtown and Kilberry. The only town is Athy. Pop., in 1831, 8,389; in 1841, 9,033. Houses 1,468. Families employed chiefly in agriculture, 638; in manufactures and trade, 341; in other pursuits, 754. Families dependent chiefly on property and professions, 63; on the directing of labour, 640; on their own manual labour, 933; on means not specified, 97. Males at and above 5 years of age who could read and write, 1,646; who could read but not write, 694; who could neither read nor write, 1,566. Females at and above 5 years of age who could read and write, 1,108; who could read but not write, 1,033; who could neither read nor write, 1,927.—West Narragh and Rheban lies wholly within the Poor-law union of Athy. The total number of tenements valued is 1,582; and of these, 1,015 were valued under £5,-202, under £10,-112, under £15,-60, under £20,-40, under £25,-27, under £30,-28, under £40,-24, under £50,-and 74, at and above £50.

NARRAGHMORE, a hamlet in the parish of Davidstown, barony of East Narragh and Rheban, co. Kildare, Leinster. It has a police barrack; and stands 2 miles north-north-west of Ballytore, and the same distance south-south-west of Calverstown. Pop. returned with the parish.

NARRAGHMORE, a parish, partly in the baronies of West Narragh and Rheban and Kilkea and Moone, but chiefly in the barony of East Narragh and Rheban, 2 miles north-north-west of Ballytore, co. Kildare, Leinster. Length, westward, 74 miles; extreme breadth, 23. Area of the West Narragh and Rheban section, 1,921 acres, 34 perches; of the Kilkea and Moone section, 2,114 acres, 1 rood, 5 perches; of the East Narragh and Rheban section, 6,234 acres, 2 roods, 25 perches. Pop. of the whole, in 1831, according to the Census, 3, 191, but according to the Ecclesiastical Authorities, 3, 125; in 1841, 2,895. Houses 457. Pop. of the West Narragh and Rheban section, in 1831, 305; in 1841, 442. Houses 69. Pop. of the Kilkea and Moone section, 1831, 307; in 1841, 333. Houses 51. Pop. of

the East Narragh and Rheban section, in 1831, 2,579; in 1841, 2, 120. Houses 337. The old forts of Carmen or Mullamast, whose loftiest summit has an altitude of 563 feet above sea-level, are situated in the south: see CARMEN. Part of the extreme west is a portion of the bog of Monavullagh; and a small portion of the northern border also is unreclaimed bog. Excepting these districts and some moor and cut-out bog, jointly amounting to about onefourth of the whole area, the parochial surface consists wholly of good, flat, arable land. The old demesne of Narraghmore, on the north border, and in the vicinity of the church, is now part of the estate of Robert Latouche, Esq. The other seats are Skerries-house, Youngstown-house, Kilmeadhouse, Ghassely-house, Ballindrum-house, Mullamast-house, Boakefield-house, Prospect, Treepark, Willowbrook, Battlemount-house, Oakfield, Poplerhall, and Blackrath-house. The chief antiquity additional to the forts of Mullamast, is Blackrath castle. This parish is a rectory, and a separate benefice, in the dio. of Dublin. Tithe composition, £646 3s. 1d.; glebe, £24. Gross income, £670 3s. 1d.; nett, £525 16s. 6d. Patron, the diocesan. The incumbent holds also the archdeaconry of Dublin, and the united benefices which constitute its corps; and he is resident, during half the year, in Narraghmore. A curate receives a salary of £75. The church is of unknown date; and was not long ago repaired and put into excellent order by means of parochial assessment. Sittings 160; attendance 70. The Roman Catholic chapels at Crookstown and Kilmead have an attendance of respectively 1,000 and 500; and, in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, are mutually united. In 1834, the parishioners consisted of 246 Churchmen, 9 Protestant dissenters, and 2,938 Roman Catholics; and two daily schools-one of which was aided with an unreported sum from subscription-were usually attended by about 102 children. In 1842, a National school at Old Grange had on its books 42 boys and 19 girls.

NARROW-WATER (THE), a river, partly of Leinster, but chiefly of Ulster. It is only 5 miles in length; consists of the lower portion of the Newry river; runs south-south-eastward from the town of Newry to the head of Lough Carlingford at Warrenpoint; and flows wholly on the boundary between the county of Down on the left and the counties of Armagh and Louth on the right. It is all tidal, comprises a considerable area of tideway, and connects the Newry Canal navigation with the Irish sea. A rapid about 1 mile above Warrenpoint obstructed the navigation of Narrow-water and injured the trade of Newry for centuries; but this was completely removed in 1831.

NARROW-WATER, a seat and an old castle, in the parish of Warrenpoint, 1 mile north-west of the village of Warrenpoint, and on the banks of the Narrow-Water river, barony of Upper Iveagh, co. Down, Ulster. The mansion is the residence of the Hall family, and is a large modern edifice. The attached demesne comprises nearly 400 acres, extends into the parish of Clonallan, and is rich in wood, general decoration, and both home and distant scenery. The castle overhangs the river at a point where the stream is contracted by a projecting rock; it is supposed to have been built, in the 17th century, by the Duke of Ormond; it consists principally of a massive, square, battlemented tower; and, though converted to the inglorious uses of successively a salt-work and a dog-kennel, it forms a picturesque feature in the vale of the river, and commands a noble view of the gorgeous basin of Lough Carlingford, overhung by the mountains of Carling