Poor-law union, and serves for a district containing a pop. of 8,287; and, in 1839-40, it expended £76, and made 2,700 dispensations of medicine.—This parish is a vicarage, in the dio. of Lismore. Vicarial tithe composition, £92 6s. 2d.; glebe, £3 3s. The rectorial tithes are compounded for £129 7s. 10d.; and are appropriated to the treasurership of Lismore cathedral. The vicarage of Newcastle, and the particle of MULLOGH [see that article], constitute the benefice of Newcastle. Length, 54 miles; breadth, 33. Pop., in 1831, 3,201. Gross income, £95 9s. 2d.; nett, £85 5s. 10 d. Patron, the diocesan. The incumbent holds also the stipendiary curacy of Tulloghmeelan; and is attended there by the Protestant inhabitants of Newcastle union. The Roman Catholic chapel is situated at Newcastle village, and has an attendance of 600; and, in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, is united to the chapel of Derrygrath. In 1834, the Protestants of the parish and of the union amounted to 8, the Roman Catholics of the parish to 2,575, and the Roman Catholics of the union to 3,360; and 5 pay daily schools in the parish and union had on their books 142 boys and 68 girls. tion not exceeding £1,-1,097, not exceeding £2,509, not exceeding £3,-366, not exceeding £4,and 210, not exceeding £5. The workhouse was contracted for on Oct. 28, 1839,-to be completed in Dec. 1840,-to cost £6,680 for building and completion, and £920 for fittings and contingencies,-to occupy a site of 5 acres, purchased for £250,-and to contain accommodation for 550 paupers. The date of the first admission of paupers was March 15, 1841; the total expenditure thence till Feb. 6, 1843, was £5,095 0s. 74d.; and the total previous expenditure was £1,250 19s. 2d. The number of pauper inmates on Dec. 2, 1843, was 347. The medical charities within the union are a fever hospital at Newcastle, and dispensaries at Newcastle, Abbeyfeale, Ashford, Ballingarry, Clounah, and Feenagh; and, in 1839-40, they received £460 12s. 6d. from subscription, and £526 9s. from public grants, expended £705 for salaries, £200 6s. 4d. for medicines, and £191 18s. 2d. for contingencies, and administered to 333 intern and 6,751 extern patients, exclusive of the extern patients administered to by two of the dispensaries. The Newcastle fever hospital is capable of accommodating 24 patients, and serves for a district containing a pop. of 11,826; NEWCASTLE, a parish, 4 miles east by north and, in 1839-40, it expended £376 2s., and admitted of Kilmacthomas, and partly in the barony of Decies333 patients. The Newcastle dispensary serves for without-Drum, but chiefly in that of Middlethird, the same district as the fever hospital; and, in co. Waterford, Munster. Length, south-south1839-40, it expended £9 2s., and administered to eastward, 4 miles; breadth, from to 2. Area of 1,783 patients.-Area of the Monegay section of the the Decies section, 305 acres, 1 rood, 24 perches; town, 17 acres; of the parish of Newcastle section, of the Middlethird section, 3,656 acres, 1 rood, 5 31 acres. Pop. of the whole, in 1831, 2,908; in perches. Pop. of the whole, in 1831, 1,124; in 1841, 2,917. Houses 416. Pop. of the Monegay 1841, 1,337. Houses 197. Pop. of the Middlethird section, in 1841, 651. Houses 105. Families em- section, in 1831, 1,037; in 1841, 1,241. Houses 181. ployed chiefly in agriculture, 86; in manufactures The Decies section consists of the townland of Lisand trade, 41; in other pursuits, 24. Families de- sahane; and previous to a transference under the pendent chiefly on property and professions, 5; on Act 6 and 7 William IV., cap. 84, it belonged to the the directing of labour, 37; on their own manual barony of Upperthird. Pop., in 1831, 87; in 1841, labour, 98; on means not specified, 11. Pop. of the 96. Houses 16. A considerable portion of the parish of Newcastle section, in 1841, 2,266. Houses parochial surface is bog; but the remainder consists, 311. Families employed chiefly in agriculture, 110; for the most part, of good land. The principal seat in manufactures and trade, 243; in other pursuits, is Knockaderry. The mail-road from Waterford to 128. Families dependent chiefly on property and Cork traverses the interior.-This parish is a vicarprofessions, 37; on the directing of labour, 256; on age, and part of the benefice of DUNHILL [which their own manual labour, 151; on means not speci- see], in the dio. of Lismore. Vicarial tithe compofied, 37. sition, £60; glebe, £12. The rectorial tithes are compounded for £90; and are impropriate in the corporation of the city of Waterford. In 1834, the parishioners were all Roman Catholics; and a pay daily school had on its books 49 boys and 25 girls. NEWCASTLE, a village in the parish of Lower Newcastle, barony of Newcastle, co. Wicklow, Leinster. It stands on the road from Bray to Wicklow, 2 miles south of Kilcoole, and 24 south-east of Newtown - Mount - Kennedy. It is the site of the parish-church, and of an old castle, from the latter of which the village, the parish, and the barony acquired their name. Fairs are held on April 1, July 10, Sept. 1, and Dec. 6. Area of the village, 25 acres. Pop., in 1841, 196. Houses 28. The Census of 1831 exhibits the village in two sections, under the names of Lower Newcastle and Upper Newcastle. Pop. of Lower Newcastle, in 1831, 130. Houses 19. Pop. of Upper Newcastle, in 1831, 80. Houses 10. NEWCASTLE, a parish, containing a village of the same name, in the barony of West Iffa and Offa, 64 miles south-west of Clonmel, co. Tipperary, Munster. Length, southward, 4 miles; extreme breadth, 34; area, 10,854 acres, 2 roods, 37 perches, -of which 21 acres, 2 roods, 23 perches are in the river Suir. Pop., in 1831, 2,455; in 1841, 2,953. Houses 447. Pop. of the rural districts, in 1841, 2,700. Houses 400. The Suir traces the northern boundary eastward; and several affluents of it, indigenous to the parish, descend from elevations of 528 and 783 feet above sea-level. The northern district, or that immediately upon the Suir, is excellent arable land; but the central and southern districts are wholly upland, and consist of part of the east end of the Knockmeledown range of mountains. The principal summits, together with their respective altitudes above sea-level, are West-Croghan, on the western boundary, 1,718 feet, -a height in the south-west corner, 1,846 feet, and three heights in NEWCASTLE, a hamlet in the parish of Forgney, the interior, 961, 872, and 540 feet. The seats are barony of Abbeyshruel, co. Longford, Leinster. It Newcastle-house, Pastorville, and a mountain shoot- stands on the river Inny, 14 mile east of Ballymahon. ing-lodge. The hamlets are Pastorville, Corragh- In its immediate vicinity stands the mansion of Clooncloney, Bohernagaul, and Skeaghatooreen. The cullow. Pop. not specially returned. principal antiquities are the ruins of a church at Newcastle, and the ruins of a castle at Corraghcloney. The village of Newcastle stands on the Suir. Area, 21 acres. Pop., in 1841, 253. Houses 47. A fair is held on Feb. 12. A dispensary here is within the Clogheen NEWCASTLE, a village in the parish of Enniskeen, barony of Morgallion, 34 miles north-northwest of Nobber, co. Meath, Leinster. In its immediate vicinity are Newcastle lake, and Newcastle house or mansion. The lake lies on the mutual border of the barony of Morgallion, and the barony | NEWCASTLE, a village in the parish of Rahoon, barony and county of Galway, Connaught. It stands on the Corrib river, and on the road from Galway to Oughterard, 1 mile north by west of Galway. Here is a large distillery; and in the vicinity are Belmount, Newcastle-house, Newcastle-cottage, Rock-lodge, Ashley-park, and Villa - Abbanagh. Pop. not specially returned. roods, 7 perches. Pop., in 1831, according to the Census, 3,118, but according to the Ecclesiastical Authorities, 3,106; in 1841, 2,766. Houses 405. Pop. of the rural districts, in 1831, 2,293; in 1841, 1,943. Houses 292. The surface consists variously of mountain, moor, bog, arable land, and demesne ground; and possesses a considerable aggregate of picturesqueness and beauty. The highest grounds are Dunran-hill on the southern boundary, and a height on the western border, whose summits have altitudes of respectively 1,122 and 1,193 feet above sea-level. The seats are Prospect-house, Monalinhouse, Springmount, East-hill, Mount - Kennedyhouse, Glendarragh - cottage, Glendarragh - house, Hermitage, and Mountjohn-house, the last the residence of Graves Archer, Esq. The hamlet of Monalin, within the limits, had in 1831 a pop. of 36. -This parish is ecclesiastically consolidated with that of LOWER NEWCASTLE [see preceding article]; yet a portion of it is included also in the quoad sacra parish of CALARY: which see. In 1831, the inhabitants of the Calary portion consisted of 59 Protestants and 565 Roman Catholics; and the inhabitants of the other portions consisted of 545 Protestants and 1,937 Roman Catholics. NEWCESTON, or NUCETOWN, a village in the parish of Moragh, barony of Kinnalmeaky, about 5 miles west by north of Bandon, co. Cork, Munster. Fairs are held on Jan. 8, Whit-Tuesday, Oct. 15, and Dec. 14. Pop. not specially returned. NEWCHAPEL, or MULLOGHNONG, a parish in the barony of East Iffa and Offa, 34 miles north-west of Clonmel, co. Tipperary, Munster. Length, westward, 4 miles; extreme breadth, 2; area, 4,873 acres, 1 rood, 17 perches. Pop., in 1831, 1,544; in 1841, 1,419. Houses 190. The surface consists, in NEWCASTLE (LOWER), a parish on the coast of the barony of Newcastle, 24 miles south-east of Newtown-Mount-Kennedy, co. Wicklow, Leinster. It contains the village of NEWCASTLE: which see. Length, south-south-westward, 3 miles; extreme breadth, 23; area, 4,750 acres, 4 perches. Pop., in 1831, 1,399; in 1841, 1,226. Houses 165. A belt along the shore is unprofitable strand; and the rest of the surface is all low, and varies in yearly value from 10s. to 60s. per plantation acre. The hamlets are Leabeg, Middle Leabeg, Warblebank, Leamore, Cooldross, Ballyphilip, and Killadrunan. The seats are Ballydonaria-house, Bloomfield, Kilmullin, and Woodstock,-the last the handsome residence of Lord Robert Tottenham. The chief antiquities are the ruins of a church at Killadrunan, and the ruins of a castle at Newcastle. This parish, and that of UPPER NEWCASTLE [see next article], are a part-rectory and a vicarage in the dio. of Dublin. The part-rectory is a separate but sinecure benefice. Tithe composition and gross income, £287 10s.; nett, £270 12s. Patron, the Rev. Roseingrave Macklin and his heirs. Such of the rectorial tithes as do not belong to the part-rectory and sine-general, of good land. The seats are Springmount, cure benefice, are valued at £150; and are impropriate in Earl Fitzwilliam. The vicarage is a separate benefice, with cure. Vicarial tithe composition, £276 18s. 5 d.; glebe, £28. Gross income, £309 18s. 54d.; nett, £262 7s. 11d. Patron, the diocesan. A portion of the territory of the benefice is included in the perpetual curacy of CALARY: which see. Pop., in 1831, of the remaining portions of the benefice, 3,870. The church is of unknown date; and was enlarged about 57 years ago by means of voluntary contributions. Sittings 350; attendance, from 60 to 300. A chapel-of-ease was commenced a number of years ago at Newtown-Mount - Kennedy, around which most of the population resides; but it was discontinued for want of funds; and, in 1837, a schoolhouse in that village was used as a parochial place of worship. Sittings 120; attendance 150. The Roman Catholic chapel has an attendance of about 1,000; and, in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, is united to a chapel in the benefice of Delgany. In 1831, the Protestants of Lower Newcas. tle amounted to 439, and the Roman Catholics to 949; the Protestants of the whole district under the care of the vicar to 984, and the Roman Catholics to 2,886; 2 Sunday schools in that district were usually NEW-GLANMIRE, a village in the parish of attended by about 96 children; and 6 daily schools Cahirlag, barony of Barrymore, co. Cork, Munster. in the district one of which was salaried with £8 It stands in the glen of the Glanmire rivulet, and in a-year from the Association for Discountenancing the vicinity of the village of GLANMIRE: which see. Vice, and aided with the proceeds of a collection Area, 3 acres. Pop., in 1841, 200. Houses 24. at a charity sermon, while another at Newtown- NEW-GRANGE, an unique and wonderful antiMount-Kennedy was supported chiefly by subscrip-quity in the parish of Monknewton, barony of Upper tions and the proceeds of a public collection-had on their books 149 boys and 120 girls. NEWCASTLE (UPPER), a parish in the barony of Newcastle, co. Wicklow, Leinster. It contains the small town of NEWTOWN-MOUNT- KENNEDY: which see. Length, south-west by southward, 43 miles; breadth, from to 3; area, 7,025 acres, 2 Jamestown, Chancellorstown-house, Bawn-house, Orchardstown-house, and Knockeevan-house. The hamlet of Clerihan, within the limits, had in 1831 a pop. of 230.—This parish is a rectory, a prebend, and a separate benefice, in the dio. of Cashel. Tithe composition, £162 3s. 4d.; glebe, £43 3s. 54d. Gross income, £505 6s. 94d.; nett, £450 5s. 54d. Patron, the diocesan. The church was built in 1819 by means of a loan of £738 9s. 2 d. from the late Board of First Fruits. Sittings 60; attendance 10. In 1834, the Protestants amounted to 31, and the Roman Catholics to 1,593,-and a pay daily school had on its books 50 boys and 20 girls. NEWCHURCH, a village in the parish of Ardea, barony of Portnehinch, Queen's co., Leinster. It stands 24 miles east by south of Mountmellick, on the road thence to Emo. Pop. not specially returned. NEWFERRY, a hamlet in the parish of Bally. scullion, barony of Loughinsholin, co. Londonderry, Ulster. It is situated on the river Bann, a little below Lough Beg, and 2 miles north-east of Bellaghy. Pop. not specially returned. NEW-GENEVA. See GENEVA (New). Slane, co. Meath, Leinster. It is situated on the banks of the Boyne, 24 miles south-east of the village of Slane; and has been the topic of several long and conflicting dissertations on the part of antiquaries, and some magniloquent but second-rate descriptions on the part of topographists. "If England," says a fugitive writer, whose anonymous paper places the ob recesses was placed a stone urn, or sarcophagus, of a simple bowl form, two of which remain; of these recesses, the east and the west are about 8 feet square the north is somewhat deeper. The entire length of the cavern, from the entrance of the gallery to the end of the recess, is 81 feet 8 inches. The stones of which the entire structure consists are of great size; those which form the lintels or roof of the gallery are but six in number; and of these, the first is 12 feet 4 inches long, the third 18 feet, and the fifth about 12 feet; the breadth of these stones is not less than 6 feet. The tallest of the upright stones forming the entrance to the recess, is 7 feet 6 inches in height, and its companion 7 feet. The vase or urn within this chamber is 3 feet 8 inches in diameter; that in the opposite chamber is displaced from its supporter; these urns are of granite. A great number of these stones within the chamber, as well as in the gallery, are carved with spiral, lozenge-shaped, and zigzag lines; and in the west chamber there are marks which have been supposed to be an alphabetic inscription, but, as we are persuaded, without reason. To this general description we have only to add, that on the first examination of the interior of the sepulchre, a pyramidal or obeliskal stone, 6 or 7 feet in height, is said to have stood in the centre, near which the skeletons of two human bodies were found, and that about the same period two gold Roman coins were discovered on the top of the mount, the one of the elder Valentinian, and the other of Theodosius. This most ancient, and, though rude, most magnificent monument, has been described and illustrated by Molyneaux, Harris, Pownall, and Ledwich, all of whom, unwilling, apparently, to allow the ancient Irish the honour of erecting a work of such vast labour and grandeur, concur in ascribing it to the piratical Danes, who infested the island in the 9th and 10th centuries. We are well aware that the Danes, as well as all the other branches of the great Scythian stock, raised large sepulchral mounds; but where in the north of Europe does there exist a monument of the kind to rival this and its companions on the Boyne? And is it likely that Danish colonies, in a country in which they had never a secure settlement, would raise monuments exceeding in grandeur any which existed in their own country? Or if they might, is it to be believed that tradition would be silent, or that our annals, which are so minute in recording the works as well as deeds of those lawless robbers, would preserve no memorial of se vast a labour? No! it is to the anciently civilized south of Europe, not the barbarous north, that we must look for the prototypes of those grand monuments of the dead; which, equally with the brazen weapons and vessels, the Cyelopœan forts, and other remains, identify the ancient inhabitants of Ireland with the most ancient Egyptians, and the Greeks of the heroic times. The arguments of those learned men above alluded to, in support of their hypothesis, are puerile, and scarcely deserve serious notice; we are not without historic evidence to prove that the Danes, so far from being the erectors of the monuments on the Boyne, were, as might be more rationally expected, their destroying plunderers." ject far more succinctly and powerfully before the mind than the imposing elaborations of some well-known authors "If England may justly boast of her Stonehenge as the noblest monument of its kind now existing, Ireland can, with equal reason, feel proud of the sepulchral tumulus of New-Grange a monument of human labour, only exceeded in grandeur by the tomb of Agamemnon, at Mycenae, or the pyramids of the Egyptian kings, to both of which it is so nearly allied in many of its general features, and which, in point of antiquity, it probably rivals, or even possibly exceeds! The tumulus of New-Grange is one of the four great sepulchral mounds situated on the banks of the Boyne, between Drogheda and Slane, in the county of Meath, and which, we will not hesitate to say, may be justly termed the Pyramids of Ireland. It is the only one of the four whose interior is now exposed to human curiosity. The contents of the others are still unknown; but there is every reason to believe that, if explored, they would be found similar in their nature, and not inferior in rude magnificence to that of which we are about to give a description. This extraordinary monument or pyramid, which is now, as the learned antiquary, Governor Pownall, truly observed, but a ruin of what it originally was, covers 2 acres of ground, and has an elevation of about 70 feet; but its original height was not less than 100 feet, as it has been used for ages as a stone-quarry, for the making and repairing of roads, and the erection of buildings, &c., in the neighbourhood. It is formed of small stones, covered over with earth; and at its base was encircled by a line of stones of enormous magnitude, placed in erect positions, and varying in height from 4 to 11 feet above the ground, and supposed to weigh from 10 to 12 tons each. Of these stones, ten only remained about fifty years back; and one has since been removed. About a century ago, there was also a large pillar-stone, or stele, on the summit of the mount, now also destroyed. These stones, as well as those of which the grand interior chamber is built, are not found in the neighbourhood of the pyramid, but have been brought hither from the mouth of the river Boyne, a distance of 7 or 8 miles. The | interior of the tumulus was first explored about the year 1699, when a Mr. Campbell, who resided in the neighbouring village of New-Grange, in carrying away stones to repair a road, discovered the entrance to the gallery, or passage leading into the chamber. This entrance was about 50 feet from the original side of the pyramid, and is placed due south and runs northward. The length of this passage to the entrance of the chamber is about 58 feet; its breadth at the opening, 3 feet; and its height, 1 foot 6 inches. At the distance of about 18 feet from the entrance, the passage gradually narrows, till it reaches a stone which is laid across in an inclined position, and which seems to forbid further progress. At this point the passage is narrowed to 14 foot in height and breadth. Persons of moderate size, however, can overcome this obstacle by turning on their sides, and edging their bodies round by the assistance of their elbow and foot. This difficulty passed, the gallery presents no further obstacle, as it immediately expands again to the width of 3 feet, NEW-HARBOUR, or RENVYLE, a marine inlet and to a height of 6 feet, which gradually increases and a harbour in the parish of Oranmore, barony of to 10 feet 6 inches at the entrance of the dome. The Dunkellin, co. Galway, Connaught. It is situated chamber is an irregular circle, about 22 feet in dia- at the head of Galway bay, 2 miles south-west of meter, covered with a dome of a bee-hive form, con- the town of Oranmore; it measures a mile in length structed of massive stones, laid horizontally, and pro-and of a mile in breadth; it has a clean bottom, the jecting one beyond the other, till they approximate, inner part of which is mud, skirted with fine limeand are finally capped with a single one; the height of stone gravel; and it forms a beautiful and safe harthe dome is about 20 feet; the chamber has three quad-bour for small vessels, and is frequently resorted to rangular recesses, forming a cross, one facing the en- in westerly winds and in winter by vessels from Galtrance-gallery, and one on each side. In each of these way roads. A pier was, not very many years ago, built in a completely landlocked bight on the north side of the harbour; it is 150 feet in length, with a return of 60 feet for boats, with a jetty and stair at the head, 15 feet at high water, and faced with hewn limestone; and this work has been of much use for vessels, running for shelter, and especially for careening and wintering. NEW-INN, a village in the parish of Knockgraffon, barony of Clanwilliam, co. Tipperary, Munster. It stands on the road from Cahir to Cashel, 4 miles north by east of Cahir, and 44 south of Cashel. It contains a church, a Roman Catholic chapel, and a barrack; and the site of its church has an altitude of 338 feet above sea-level. In the vicinity are the seats of Lough-Kent-house, Outaragh-house, Woodinstown-house, and Marl-Hill-house. A Roman Catholic parish in the dio. of Cashel and Emly takes name from New-Inn, and has chapels here and at Knockgraffon. A fair is held at the village on March 17. Area of the village, 19 acres. Pop., in 1831, 320; in 1841, 242. Houses 44. NEW-INN, a hamlet in the parish of Lava, barony of Upper Loughtee, co. Cavan, Ulster. It stands on the mail-road from Dublin to Enniskillen, 5 miles north-west by north of Virginia. Pop. not specially returned. NEW-INN, a hamlet in the barony of Kilconnel, 4 miles west by south of the village of Kilconnel, co. Galway, Connaught. A Roman Catholic parish in the dio. of Clonfert takes name from this hamlet, and has chapels here and at Bullane. Pop. not specially returned. NEW-INN, the quondam name of the village of Innfield or Enfield, in the barony of Lower Moyfenragh, county Meath, Leinster. See ENFIELD. NEWMARKET, a post and market town in the parish of Clonfert, barony of Duhallow, co. Cork, Munster. It stands on the river Dallua, and at the intersection of the road from Mallow to Listowel with that from Charleville to Killarney, 4 miles north-west of Kanturk, 9 east-north-east of KingWilliams-Town, 12 north by east of Mill-street, 124 south-west of Charleville, 13 west-north-west of Mallow, and 130 south-west of Dublin. Three glens which adjoin the town, or are situated in its immediate vicinity, possess a large aggregate of woodland, reclaimed ground, and cultivated territory; and they boast a comparatively crowded population, and a large amount of artificial embellishment. The large mansion and extensively planted demesne of Richard O. Aldworth, Esq., in particular, stand in close juxtaposition with the town, and very greatly enrich its environs. But immediately above the town commences that vast tract of wild, moorish, mountainous, unimproved country, which extends southward over all the western frontier of Cork, and westward and northward far into Kerry and Limerick, and, though nearly 1,000 square miles in area, contains only two small villages, and the mansions of only two resident proprietors. The Aldworth family are proprietors of Newmarket, and have of late years considerably improved it; and they are a descendant-branch from the Aldworths, formerly of Stanlake, in Berkshire. The town possesses one regular and pretty good street, some good-looking private dwellings, a dispensary, a fever hospital, a church, and a Roman Catholic chapel; and to the west of it, on the left hand of the road leading to Black water-bridge, stands Castle-MacAuliffe, formerly the chief seat of the sept of MacAuliffe. The fever hospital is within the Kanturk Poor-law union, and contains 10 beds, but is capable of accommodating 30 patients; and, in 1839-40, it expended £178 14s. 5 d., and admitted 192 patients. The dispensary serves for a district containing a pop. of 9,000; and, in 1839-40, it received £25 10s., anu expended £18 15s. 114d. Fairs are held on April 21, June 8, July 16, Sept. 8, Oct. 10, and Nov. 21. A Roman Catholic parish in the dio. of Cloyne takes name from Newmarket, and has chapels here and at Milon and Rockhill. The celebrated forensic orator, John Philpot Curran, spent his early years at Newmarket, received at a small school here his first instruction, rambled about the streets of the town "a little ragged apprentice to every kind of idleness and mischief," and while yet young, was, through the benevolent patronage of the Rev. Mr. Boyse, rector of Clonfert, removed hence to the school of Middleton. Curran's father filled the humble office of seneschal in the manor-court of Newmarket. In 1677, was born at Newmarket, William Clark, who has been extensively known as "the ossified man." In infancy he was never observed to turn his head round or to bend his body; in boyhood, he could not put his hands behind his back, or lift them higher than the level of his elbow; in mature life he received all his food through a fissure, caused by the accidental fracture of his front teeth; in old age-for he lived to the age of 67—he nearly lost all power of locomotion; and when his body was dissected after death, it was found to be one mass of bone from the top of his head to his knees,-to exhibit only one bone from end to end of the dorsal vertebræ,-and to display prevailing ossification in the very cartilages of the breast which served to maintain the play of respira tion. An engraving of his skeleton is given in Dr. Smith's History of Cork. Area of the town, 75 acres. Pop., in 1831, 1,437; in 1841, 1,899. Houses 311. Families employed chiefly in agricul ture, 119; in manufactures and trade, 110; in other pursuits, 113. Families dependent chiefly on property and professions, 14; on the directing of labour, 153; on their own manual labour, 169; on means not specified, 6. NEWMARKET, a village in the parish of Aghaviller, barony of Knocktopher, co. Kilkenny, Leinster. It stands at the intersection of the road from Higginstown to Kells, with that from Knocktopher to Pilltown, 1 mile north by west of Higginstown, and 24 south-west of Knocktopher. In the southern vicinity are the pillar-tower and the ruined castle of Aghaviller, and the noble demesne of Castle-Morris. Fairs are held on Easter-Monday and Nov. 7. The village has a Roman Catholic chapel. Pop., in 1831, 110. Houses 18. NEWMARKET-ON-FERGUS, a post and market town, in the parish of Tomfinlough, barony of Lower Bunratty, co. Clare, Munster. It stands on the south-west or lower road from Ennis to Limerick, 2 miles east of the nearest point of the Fergus, 3 south by west of Quin, 4 west-north-west of Six-mile-Bridge, 4 south-east by south of Clare6 south-east by south of Ennis, 11 north-west by west of Limerick, and 105 south-west by west of Dublin. In its vicinity are Carrigoran-house, the fine seat of Sir Fitzgerald, Bart.; Ballycar, Mr. Colpoys; Dromoland, the magnificent seat of Sir Lucius O'Brien, Bart.; Joy-lodge; Rathlaheencottage; Rathlaheen-house; and Shepherdfieldhouse. Various interesting antiquities of both the feudal and the Druidical times exist in the neighbourhood. The town is a constabulary station. Fairs are held on Easter Monday and Nov. 7. A dispensary here is within the Ennis Poor-law union, and serves for a district containing a pop. of 7,534; and, in 1839-40, it received £119 12s., and expended £102 10s. 9d. Area of the town, 44 acres. Pop., in 1831, 1,118; in 1841, 1,526. Houses 244. Families employed chiefly in agriculture, 161; in manufactures and trade, 104; in other pursuits, 72. Families dependent chiefly on property and professions, 12; on the directing of labour, 95; on their own manual labour, 206; on means not specified, 24. NEWMILLS, a hamlet in the parish of Ross, western division of the barony of East Carbery, co. Cork, Munster. In its vicinity are part of a Druid ical circle, a cromlech, and a standing stone. The circle has no central stone, and has lost all the stones of its periphery except five. The cromlech consists of a covering stone and three supporters. The standing-stone is situated about 100 yards from the circle; and is similar in relative situation to the standing-stones of Stonehenge and Rollrich in England. Pop. of the hamlet not specially returned. NEWMILLS, a village in the parish of Tullanisken, barony of Dungannon, co. Tyrone, Ulster. It stands 1 mile north-west of Coal-Island, and 3 north-north-east of Dungannon. Pop., in 1831, 105. Houses 20. NEWPARK, one of five denominations of a bog on the north-west border of the barony of Middlethird, nearly midway between Cashel and Littleton, co. Tipperary, Munster. The other denominations are Erry, Coolea, Coolkip, and Ballytarsna. The bog is bounded on the north, by Aghnagummane; on the east, by Gralla; on the south, by Coolea and Newpark; and on the west, by Ballytarsna and Erry. Area, 2,073 acres; maximum and minimum elevation above sea-level, 384 and 354 feet; average depth, 18 feet; greatest depth, 28 feet; least depth, 2 feet; estimated cost of reclamation, £3,145 11s. 2d. The bog is traversed across the north end by the road from Cashel to Littleton; and it has, for a very long period, served as a chief turbary for Cashel. NEWPIER, the quondam name of the village of Liscanor, parish of Kilmacrehy, north shore of Liscanor bay, 3 miles west of Ennistymon, barony of Corcomroe, co. Clare, Munster. NEWPORT (THE), a river of the county of Mayo, Connaught. It issues from Lough Beltra, carrying off all the waters which rise within the large catchment basin of that lake; and it runs 54 miles west-south-westward, chiefly through the parish of Burrishoole, and past the town of Newport-Pratt, to the north-east corner of Clew bay,-or rather, to the head of a small arm of that bay often called Newport bay. Though the river is tidal over only of a mile, and is navigable over even that distance only by boats, yet it falls only 61 feet from Lough Beltra, and less than 150 feet from the summit level of the country between Clew bay and Killalla bay; so that it cuts the way for an easily constructible artificial navigation through the very centre of the north-western highlands of Mayo, from Clew bay to Lough Conn and the river Moy. The chief affluents of the Newport river are the Skeedagh, the Buckadoon, and the Glenisland. The right of fishing in the river is the property of Sir Richard A. O'Donnell, Bart. NEWPORT, or NEWPORT-PRATT, a small post, market, and sea-port town, in the parish and barony of Burrishoole, co. Mayo, Connaught. It stands on the Newport river, on the road from Castlebar to Achill and Belmullet, and on that from Westport to Crossmolina, 5 miles north of Westport, 8 westnorth-west of Castlebar, 14 south-south-west of Crossmolina, 294 south-east of Belmullet, and 134 west-north-west half-west of Dublin. Both the site and the environs of the town are beautifully picturesque; and both the immediate and the remote views from vantage-grounds on the outskirts and in the near vicinity are full of character, romance, and power. The vale of the Newport river close to the town's skirts is very varied in surface, and quite bosky with wood; and it boasts, on the one side, the handsome and sylvan parsonage of Burrishoole, and on the other, the pleasant and beautiful seat of Sir Richard O'Donnell, Bart., the proprietor of an enormous extent of the highlands of Mayo, away to the extremity of Achill. The Newport river itself is playful and merry while trotting past the town; the shores of its small estuary are beachy and clean; the adjacent expanse of Clew bay is a perfect labyrinth of land and water, the land all verdant and fertile; the neighbouring high-grounds arise frowningly aloft as the frontier ramparts of a vast region of wild uplands; the far-away views of Croaghpatrick, Clare-Island, the Burrishoole mountains, and the alpine masses of Mount-Nephin, form a sublime and impressive perspective; and Melcomb-Hill, in the near vicinity of the town, commands a panoramic prospect of these objects and landscapes, so rich, so varied, and so extensive—including the whole basin of Clew bay as to be unsurpassed by any other great scenic view in the kingdom. The attractions of the town to at once the tourist, the sportsman, and the sea-bather, are both great and many. Yet, with all their advantages of soil and situation, and in spite of very valuable and extensive recent improvements, the town and its environs present to the eye very broad appearances of poverty and of comparative inertion and neglect. The hotel, however, is neat and comfortable; the cars for the accommodation of travellers are good; several good private houses have been built along the quay; and some large storehouses have been erected or were recently in progress. The church of Burrishoole in the town is a neat structure; and the Roman Catholic chapel is commodious; and two or three schoolhouses are remarkable for their neatness, their size, and especially their moral achievements. The main body of the town, consisting of a principal street and several deflecting lanes, has a squalid appearance. The quays are excellent and extensive; and the harbour is spacious, and of direct and easy entrance, and can bring up to the quays vessels of 300 or 400 tons burden. Considerable shipments of corn were formerly made at Newport, but they do not now exceed 1,000 tons a-year, most of the trade having been removed to Westport. Fairs are held on June 8, Aug. 1, Nov. 11, and Dec. 20. A dispensary here is within the Westport Poor-law union, and serves for a district of 88,553 acres, with a pop. of 22,383; and, in 1840-41, it expended £127 8s. 5d., and administered to 7,609 patients. Area of the town, 27 acres. Pop., in 1831, 1,235; in 1841, 1,091. Houses 180. Families employed chiefly in agriculture, 68; in manufactures and trade, 104; in other pursuits, 34. Families dependent chiefly on property and professions, 12; on the directing of labour, 120; on their own manual labour, 69; on means not specified, 5. NEWPORT-TIP., or ST. JOHN'S OF NEWport, a benefice or parochial union, in the dio. of Cashel, and in the barony of Owney and Arra, co. Tipperary, Munster. It takes name from the town of NEWPORTTIP. [see next article]; is identical with the southern half of the barony of Owney and Arra; and consists of the parishes and rectories of Kilvolane, Killoscully, Kilnerath, and Kilcomenty. Length, 8 miles ; breadth, 7. Pop., in 1831, 11,878. Gross income, £1,423 ls. 8d.; nett, £1,269 4s. 54d. Patron, the diocesan. A curate for Killoscully receives a salary of £75; and one for the other parts of the benefice receives £95 10s. 24d. The church in the town of Newport-Tip. was built about 77 years ago, by means of a gift of £415 7s. 84d. from the late Board of First Fruits; and that in Killoscully was built about the year 1828, by means of a gift of £830 15s. 43d. from the Board. Sittings in the two churches, |