of fever which offer, no matter whence they come; | sists, for the most part, of excellent arable land; and is all so low that a height of 100 feet above sea-level figures in the Ordnance map as the principal elevation. The coast consists of the Portraine and the Malahide estuaries, and the intervening peninsula,-the latter terminating in a bluff promontory of 35 feet in altitude. The Dun rivulet traces the boundary with Meath; and the Broadmeadow river flows eastward through the interior to the head of the Malahide estuary. Lambay Island, though not included in our statement of the barony's length, is included in that of its area, and has an altitude above sea96, transferred the townlands of Ballymaguire, Balloch, Bishopland, West Baleally, Beau, Bettyville, Broomfield, Causestown, Collinstown, part of Corduff, Corduff Commons, Dunganstown, Dunganstown Common, Great Common, Johnstown, Knightstown, Lusk, Lough Common, New Haggard, Newtowncorduff, Navitt, Parnelstown, Big Rowans, Little Rowans, Rathmooney, Rogeens, Rallekawstown, Raheny, Regles, Rogerstown, Racecourse Common, Little Tyrrelstown, Twoman, Wimbletown, and Walshestown, in the parish of Lusk, from Nethercross to East Balrothery, —pop., in 1841, 2,126; the whole of the parish of Clonmethan from Nethercross to West Balrothery, -pop. 509; the townlands of Drishoge, Lispopple, and Warblestown, in the parish of Killossory, from Balrothery to Nethercross,-pop. 112; the whole of the parish of Donabate, and the townland of Ballymadrough in the parish of Swords, from Balrothery to Nethercross, Statistics.] Area of the Upper Ormond section of the town, 22 acres. Pop., in 1831, 833; in 1841, 857. Houses 144. Families dependent chiefly on agriculture, 95; on manufactures and trade, 56; on other pursuits, 31. Families dependent chiefly in property and professions, 5; on the directing of labour, 74; on their own manual labour, 103.-level of 418 feet. The Act 5 and 6 Victoria, cap. Area of the Lower Ormond section of the town, 157 acres. Pop., in 1831, 7,633; in 1841, 7,761. Houses 1,184. Families employed chiefly in agriculture, 507; in manufactures and trade, 766; in other pursuits, 383. Families dependent chiefly on property and professions, 112; on the directing of labour, 780; on their own manual labour, 632; on means not specified, 132. Males at and above 5 years of age who could read and write, 1,555; who could read but not write, 465; who could neither read nor write, 1,141. Females at and above 5 years of age who could read and write, 894; who could read but not write, 821; who could neither read nor write, 1,941. History.]-On the subject of the history of Nenagh, we have only to state, in addition to the brief notices already made in connection with the castle and the monasteries, that, in 1370, Brien Oge Menevy O'Brien, in conjunction with the English under the Earl of Desmond, gained a sanguinary victory over his uncle Turlough; and in consequence of this-pop. 576; the townlands of Swords glebe, in the event, his name is known among his countrymen as Brien Catha-an-Aonig,—'Brien of the battle of Nenagh.' NEPHIN, a mountain in the parishes of Crossmolina and Addergoole, 54 miles south by west of the town of Crossmolina, barony of Tyrawley, co. Mayo, Connaught. It soars to an altitude of 2,646 feet above sea-level, screens much of the west side of Lough Conn, contributes a chief and a grandly imposing feature to the scenery of that lake, and forms a noble and even sublime background to most of the landscapes of the valley of the Moy. Glen Nephin extends north-north-eastward, along the east base of the mountain, measures about 5 miles in length, and takes along the conjoint road from Newport and Castlebar to Crossmolina. The summit-ground at the head of this glen, separating it from the basin of Lough Beltra and the Newport river, is only about 142 feet above sea-level; so that an artificial navigation might easily be formed to connect Lough Conn at the foot of Glen Nephin, with Clew bay at the mouth of the Newport river. The name of Nephin mountains is often given to the whole of the north-eastern section of the great congeries of uplands which occupies the larger portion of Tyrawley, Erris, and Burrishoole. NEPHINBEG, a mountain on the mutual border of the baronies of Erris and Burrishoole, 9 miles north by west of Newport, co. Mayo, Connaught. It soars to an altitude of 2,065 feet above sea-level; and often gives name to a large section of the northwestern bighlands of Mayo. The eastern or mountain road from Newport to Belmullet, passes close to its west base. NETHERCROSS, a barony in the middle of the northern division of the county of Dublin, Leinster. It is bounded, on the north, by the baronies of Balrothery; on the east, by the Irish sea; on the south, by the baronies of Coolock and Castleknock; and, on the west, by the county of Meath. Length, eastward, 84 miles; extreme breadth, 4; area, 21,818 acres, 1 rood, 29 perches. The surface of the mainland con parish of Swords, from Nethercross to Coolock,― pop. 5; the townlands of Brazil, Balcultry, Boggyheavy, Killossory, Leas, Mount - Stewart, Rath, North Surgalstown, and South Surgalstown, in the parish of Killossory, from Coolock to Nethercross, pop. 212; the whole of the parish of Killisk from Coolock to Nethercross,-pop. 185; the whole of the parish of Kilsulaghan from Castleknock to Nethercross,-pop. 548; and the townlands of Balseskin, North Ballyboggan, South Ballyboggan, Ballygall, Bishops wood, Broghan, Cabragh, Cardiff's-Bridge, Cardiff's-Castle, Charlestown, Coldwinters, East Finglass, West Finglass, FinglassWood, Glassnevin demesne, Glebe, Great Jamestown, Little Jamestown, Johnstown, Kildonan, Kilshane, Poppintree, Shallon, Springmount, Stang, Stockings, and Tolka, in the parish of Finglass, from Nethercross to Castleknock,-pop. 1,999.— Nethercross, as now constituted, contains part of the parishes of Finglass and Swords, and the whole of the parishes of Donabate, Killossory, Killeek, Kilsallaghan, and Portraine. The only town is Swords, and the chief village is Donabate. Pop., in 1831, 8,597; in 1841, 6,204. Houses 1,061. Families employed chiefly in agriculture, 841; in manufactures and trade, 209; in other pursuits, 173. Families dependent chiefly on property and professions, 43; on the directing of labour, 363; on their own manual labour, 788; on means not specified, 29. Males at and above 5 years of age who could read and write, 1,082; who could read but not write, 613; who could neither read nor write, 1,077. Females at and above 5 years of age who could read and write, 759; who could read but not write, 658; who could neither read nor write, 1,291.- This barony lies partly within the Poor-law union of Balrothery, and partly within that of North Dublin. The total number of tenements valued is 1,308; and of these, 705 were valued under £5,-183, under £10,-93, under £15,-53, under £20,-25, under £25,-21, under £30,-36, under £40,-37, under £50, and 155, at and above £50. NETHLASH. See NATHLASH. NEW-ABBEY, a demesne and a monastic ruin, on the banks of the river Liffey, of a mile southeast of Kilcullen-Bridge, co. Kildare, Leinster. The monastery was founded in 1460, by Sir Rowland Eustace, for Franciscans of the strict observance; and, in 1582, it was granted to Edmund Spenser, the poet, for the yearly rent of £3 Irish. The steeple fell to the ground about the year 1764; and a large portion of the main body of the pile was employed in the erection of a Roman Catholic chapel; so that the ruins which remain are comparatively small and exceedingly broken. Some vestiges exist, amongst the mass of rubbishy architectural and overwhelined monuments, of the effigies of the founder of the monastery and his lady,-Sir Rowland in armour, and his lady in the close pointed cap and girdle which were worn in the latter part of the 15th century. NEW-ARRAN. See KILLEEN, co. Galway. NEWARTH-BRIDGE, an inn, and a rather distinguished retreat of tourists, in the parish of Rathnew, barony of Newcastle, co. Wicklow, Leinster. It stands on the river Vartrey, I mile north of the village of Rathnew, and 2 miles east-south-east of the commencement of the Devil's Glen. It stands in a tranquil and most beautiful part of the vale of the Vartrey, in the midst of the most luxuriant vegetation, and close to the late Mrs. Tighe's lovely residence of Rosanna. The church was quite recently built, wholly at the cost of private parties. Contiguous to the town it the agreeable demesne of Newbliss-house, the seas of Andrew Ker, Esq.; and in the vicinity are the residence of Glinch-lodge, and the small lakes of Feagh, Spectacle, Corlougharoe, Radeerpark, and Lisalea. Markets are held in the town every week, and are well attended; and fairs are held on the last Saturday of every month. The Newbliss dispensary is within the Clones Poor-law union; and, in 1839-40, it expended £138 4s., and administered to 3,827 patients. In 1841, the Newbliss Loan Fund had a capital of £1,678, circulated £5,792 in 1,502 loans, and expended £3 for charitable purposes. Area of the town, 17 acres. Pop., in 1831, 497; in 1841, 566. Houses 99. Families employed chiefly in agriculture, 20; in manufactures and trade, 65; in other pursuits, 25. Families dependent chiefly on property and professions, 8; on the directing of labour, 70; on their own manual labour, 27; on means not specified, 5. NEWBOROUGH, a seat of the Daunt family, on the east side of the creek of Oysterhaven, in the parish of Kilmonogue, co. Cork, Munster. The present possessor is G. A. Daunt, Esq. NEWBOROUGH, co. Wexford. See GOREY. NEWBRIDGE, a small market and post town, in the parishes of Great Connell and MorristownBiller, barony of Connell, co. Kildare, Leinster. It stands on the river Liffey, and on the mail-road from Dublin to Limerick, 3 miles north-north NEWBAWN, a parish in the baronies of Bantry and West Shelmalier, 6 miles south-east by east of New-Ross, co. Wexford, Leinster. Length, south-west of Kilcullen-Bridge, 44 east-north-east of Kilward, 4 miles; breadth, from to 23. Area of the dare, 5 south-west by west of Naas, and 21 southBantry section, 2,657 acres, 8 perches; of the West west by west of Dublin. Here are a large cavalry Shelmalier section, 4,880 acres, 4 perches. Pop. of barrack, a police station, and a Roman Catholic the whole, in 1831, 1,618; in 1841, 1,703. Houses parochial chapel; and in the near vicinity are the 281. Pop. of the West Shelmalier section, in 1841, ruins of Great Connell abbey, and the seats of Pierce1.083. Houses 187. The surface consists of light, town, Rystown, Great Connell-lodge, Liffey-cottage, sharp soil, suitable for potatoes, oats, and barley, Great Connell-house, and Moorefield-house, -the but unfavourable for wheat, meadow, or dairy pas- two last the residences of respectively T. E. Power, ture. The seats are Newbawn-house, Fary-house, Esq., and Ponsonby Moore, Esq. Fairs are held at Scullabogue-house, and Carricklown-lodge. The the village on Jan. 1, May 2, Aug. 15, and Nov. 1. chief antiquities are ruins of two castles, and sites The Newbridge dispensary is within the Naas Poorof two churches. The hamlets are Newbawn, law union, and serves for a district containing a pop. Knockroe, Carnacarrigeen, Courthoyle, High-street, of 5,715; and, in 1839-40, it expended £98 10s. and Rochestown. The Newbawn dispensary is 7 d., and administered to 2,159 patients. Newwithin the New-Ross Poor-law union, and serves for bridge derives its name from a bridge which here a district containing a pop. of 5,082; and, in 1839 spans the Liffey; and it gives name to a Roman Ca40, it expended £51 17s. 4d., and administered to tholic parish, in the dio. of Kildare and Leighlin, 762 patients. Newbawn figured with frightful pro- and having chapels at Newbridge and Two-mileminence in the rebellion of 1798, and was the scene house. Area of the Morristown - Biller section of of the horrible tragedy of Scullabogue barn. See the town, 25 acres. Pop., in 1841, 139. Houses SCULLABOGUE. The road from New-Ross to Wex- 19. Area of the Great Connell section, 47 acres. ford passes through the interior.-This parish is a Pop., in 1831, 577; in 1841, 653. Houses 92. Pop. rectory, and part of the benefice of ADAMSTOWN of the whole town, in 1841, 792. Houses 111. Fam [which see], in the dio. of Ferns. Tithe composi-ilies employed chiefly in agriculture, 45; in manution, £360 4s. 8d. The Roman Catholic chapel is situated at the hamlet of Newbawn, and has an attendance of 550; and, in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, is united to the chapels of Adamstown and Horetown. In 1834, the Protestants amounted to 44, and the Roman Catholics to 1,594; and 2 hedge-schools had on their books 35 boys and 11 girls. NEWBERRY. See CASTLE-CARBERY. NEW BIRMINGHAM. See BIRMINGHAM (NEW). NEWBLISS, a small market and post town, in the parish of Killee van, barony of Dartry, co. Monaghan, Ulster. It stands on the road from Clones to Ballybay, 3 miles north of Drum, 4 east-southeast of Clones, 7 south-west of Monaghan, and 73 west by north of Ballybay. It is a neat and pleasant place, and has a comfortable inn, two schools, a new church, and a Presbyterian meeting-house. factures and trade, 69; in other pursuits, 50. Families dependent chiefly on property and professions, 4; on the directing of labour, 76; on their own manual labour, 67; on means not specified, 17. NEWBRIDGE, a hamlet, in the parish of CastleMacadam, barony of Arklow, co. Wicklow, Leinster. It stands on the river Ovoca, and on the road from Rathdrum to Arklow, at the deflexion thence of the road to Ballyarthur and Shelton-abbey, 4 miles south by east of Rathdrum, and 4 north-west by north of Arklow. Its site is in one of the most exquisitely lovely portions of the beautiful and splendid valley of the Ovoca; and in its near neighbourhood are Castle-Macadam church, Ovoca inn, the mines of Ballymurtagh and Cronbane, and the seats of Bellevue, Tinnahinch, Ballygahan, Millmount, Ovoca-lodge, Cherrymount - house, the last the residence of John Oliver, Esq. Newbridge acquires its name from a bridge upon the Ovoca; and it gives name to a Roman Catholic parish in the dio. of Dublin, and having chapels at Newbridge, Barniska, and Ardincary. Pop. of the hamlet returned with the parish. NEWBRIDGE, a village in the parish of Hollywood, barony of Lower Castlereagh, co. Down, Ulster. It stands on the road from Belfast to Donaghadee, 1 mile east of Belfast, and 34 south-west of Hollywood. It acquires its name from a bridge upon the rivulet called Conn's Water; and may be considered as a sort of extension of the long strag. gling, eastward street of BALLYMACARRET: see that article. Area of the village, 9 acres. Pop., in 1841, 406. Houses 59. from Newcastle to Uppercross,-pop. 75; the remainder of the parish of Rathfarnham, from Newcastle to Rathdown,-pop. 4,394; the whole of the parishes of Kilmahuddrick, Kilbride, and Rathcoole, from Uppercross to Newcastle,-pop. 1,596; and the townland of Blundelstown in the parish of Clondalkin, from Uppercross to Newcastle,-pop. 15.— The barony of Newcastle, as now constituted, contains part of the parishes of Clondalkin, Esker, and Leixlip, and the whole of the parishes of Aderrig, Kilbride, Kilmahuddrick, Kilmactalway, Lucan, Newcastle, Rathcoole, and Saggart. The towns and chief villages are Lucan, Rathcoole, Saggart, and Newcastle. Pop., in 1831, 21,594; in 1841, 7,397. NEWBRIDGE, a hamlet in the parish of Bally-Houses 1,254. Families employed chiefly in agriclough, barony of Duhallow, co. Cork, Munster. It stands on the river Blackwater, at the forking of the road from Mallow toward respectively Kanturk and Mill-street, 3 miles south-east by east of Kanturk, and 5 west of Mallow. It acquires its name from a bridge upon the Blackwater. Pop. not specially returned. NEWBRIDGE, a hamlet in the parish of Rathkeale, barony of Lower Connello, co. Limerick, Munster. It stands upon the river Deel, at the intersection of the road from Askeaton to Rathkeale with that from Shanagolden to Adare, 2 miles south by east of Askeaton, 2 north-north-west of Rathkeale, and 4 east-south-east of Shanagolden. In its vicinity are the seats of Athavilla, Scart, Milltown, Boville, and Waterville. It acquires its name from a bridge upon the Deel. Pop. not specially returned. culture, 966; in manufactures and trade, 203; in other pursuits, 200. Families dependent chiefly on property and professions, 51; on the directing of labour, 348; on their own manual labour, 928; on means not specified, 42. Males at and above 5 years of age who could read and write, 1,295; who could read but not write, 797; who could neither read nor write, 1,298. Females at and above 5 years of age who could read and write, 843; who could read but not write, 937; who could neither read nor write, 1,357.-This barony-measured, however, according to its limits in 1831, and including a portion of population within the parliamentary representation boundary of the City of Dublin-is distributed among the Poor-law unions of Baltinglass, Celbridge, North Dublin, and South Dublin. The total number of tenements valued is 3,025; and of these, 1,460 were valued under £5,-451, under £10,-212, under £15,-158, under £20,-97, under £25,-81, under £30,-134, under £40,-55, under £50,-and 377, at and above £50. NEWBUILDINGS, a village in the parish of Clondermot, barony of Tyrkeeran, co. Londonderry, Ulster. It stands on the river Foyle, and on the mail-road from Londonderry to Dublin, 2 miles NEWCASTLE, a barony on the coast of the south-south-west of Londonderry bridge. Area 9 county of Wicklow, Leinster. It is bounded, on acres. Pop., in 1841, 96. Houses 21. the north, by Rathdown; on the east, by the Irish NEWCASTLE, a barony in the south-west of sea; on the south, by Arklow; and, on the west, by the county of Dublin, Leinster. It is bounded, on North Ballinacor. Length, south-south-westward, the north, by Castleknock; on the east, by Castle-113 miles; extreme breadth, 64; area, 52,296 acres, knock and Uppercross; on the south, by Uppercross and co. Wicklow; and, on the west, by co. Kildare. Length, southward, 8 miles; extreme breadth, 4; area, 22,876 acres, I rood, 31 perches, of which 54 acres, 3 roods, 26 perches are in the river Liffey. A district of 3 miles by 2 in the extreme south is hilly and mountainous, containing the Saggart mountains and their neighbouring heights, and lifting up summits of 584, 565, 663, 721, 592, 1,008, 1,049, and 1,308 feet of altitude above sealevel. The rest of the surface is cut into nearly equal parts by the Grand Canal; consists, in the aggregate, of rich and beautiful champaign ground; and is watered across the north end, by the river Liffey, whose whole course, while in the barony, is most lovely and luscious. The Act 5 and 6 Victoria, cap. 96, transferred the entire parish of Palmerstown from Newcastle to Uppercross, -pop., in 1841, 1,411; the townlands of Coldcut and Rowlagh, in the parish of Esker, from Newcastle to Uppercross, -pop. 19; the whole of the parish of Ballyfermot, from Newcastle to Uppercross,-pop. 346; the townlands of Butcher's-arms, part of Dolphins-barn, East Inchicore, West Inchicore, parts of East Goldenbridge, and West Goldenbridge, Kilmainham, and part of the village of Islandbridge, in the parish of St. James, from Newcastle to Uppercross,-pop. 3.133; a portion of the parish of St. James, from Newcastle to the City of Dublin,-pop. 3,344; the whole of the parish of Crumlin, from Newcastle to Uppercross,-pop. 1,024; the whole of the parish of Cruagh, from Newcastle to Uppercross,-pop. 979; one townland of the parish of Rathfarnham, 39 perches,-of which 207 acres, 3 roods are in the Broad Lough. The surface is a beautiful portion of the county, aggregately rich in charming and romantic scenery; but much less mountainous, grand, or wild, than almost any other district of Wicklow. The Glen of the Downs is on the northern boundary, the Devil's Glen in the centre, and part of the vale of the Avonmore on the southern portion of the western boundary. The principal heights, together with their respective altitudes above sea-level, are Carrick mountain, 1,252 feet; a height in the southwest corner, 925 feet; Moneystown hill, 1,272 feet; a height 1 mile west-south-west of NewtownMount-Kennedy, 1,193 feet; Dunran hill, 1,122 feet; and a height on the northern border, 1,232 feet. This barony contains part of the parishes of Calary, Derrylossory, Drumkay, Glenealy, and Kilcommon, and the whole of the parishes of Kilcoole, Killisky, Lower Newcastle, Upper Newcastle, and Rathnew. The only town is part of Wicklow; and the chief villages are Newtown-Mount-Kennedy, Glenealy, Downs, Newcastle, Kilcoole, Killisky, Ballinalee, and Rathnew. Pop., in 1831, 15,770; in 1841, 16,444. Houses 2,474. Families employed chiefly in agriculture, 1,775; in manufactures and trade, 539; in other pursuits, 375. Families dependent chiefly on property and professions, 108; on the directing of labour, 838; on their own manual labour, 1,660; on means not specified, 83. Males at and above 5 years of age who could read and write, 2,981; who could read but not write, 1,365; who could neither read nor write, 2,835. Females at and above 5 years of age who could read and write, 2,358; who could read but not write, 1,832; who could neither read nor write, 3,039.- Newcastle barony lies wholly within the Rathdrum Poor-law union. The total number of tenements valued is 2,642; and of these, 1,363 were valued under £5, -346, under £10,-198, under £15,-119, under £20, 90, under £25,-75, under £30,-98, under | £40,-76, under £50,-and 280, at and above £50. NEWCASTLE, or NEWCASTLE-LYONS, a parish, containing a village of the same name, on the western border of the barony of Newcastle, and county of Dublin, Leinster. Length, southward, 44 miles; extreme breadth, 2; area, 4,282 acres, 1 rood, 32 perches. Pop., in 1831, 1,098; in 1841, 1,108. Houses 193. The surface consists, for the most part, of excellent land. A hill in Athgoe demesne has an altitude of 584 feet above sea-level; and another, on the southern border, has an altitude of 721 feet. The seats are Athgoe-park, Newcastlehouse, Skeagh-house, Colganstown-house, Hazelthatch-house, and Peamont. The Grand Canal passes across the northern district; and the mailroad from Dublin to Limerick passes across the southern district. This parish is a rectory, a separate benefice, and the corps of the archdeaconry of Glandelough, in the dio. of Dublin. Tithe composition, £250; glebe, £80. Gross income, £330; nett, £289 1s. 44d.;-but these sums are exclusive of respectively £18 9s. 2d. and £15 13s. 10d. peculiarly belonging to the archdeaconry. Patron, the diocesan. The incumbent holds also the benefice of Killishin, in the dio. of Leighlin, but is resident in Newcastle. The church in use in 1837, was a very old building. Sittings 100; attendance 25. A new church was recently built at the cost of private parties. The Roman Catholic chapel has an attendance of 850; and, in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, is united to the chapel of Saggart. In 1834, the Protestants amounted to 41, and the Roman Catholics to 1,067; and a daily school was salaried with £20 from subscription, inclusive of £5 from Lord Cloncurry, and £5 from Mr. Bagot, and had on its books 80 boys and 60 girls. Area of the village, 27 acres. Pop., in 1831, 395; in 1841, 281. Houses 61. Το NEWCASTLE, a small sea-port town, in the parish of Kilcoo, barony of Upper Iveagh, co. Down, Ulster. It stands at the head of the most westerly sweep of Dundrum bay, at the base of the northeastern extremity of the Mourne mountains, and on the road from Kilkeel to Downpatrick and Ardglass, 2 miles south-east of Bryansford, 34 south-southeast of Castlewellan, 5 south by west of Clough, 94 east by south of Rathfryland, 93 north-north-east of Kilkeel, 10 south-west by south of Downpatrick, and 11 west-south-west of Ardglass. "Those who have visited Newcastle," says a powerful writer in a defunct Irish periodical, "must have felt their attention attracted to the wild grandeur of the scenery which presents itself to the eye a little way beyond the southern extremity of the village. the right rise the mountains of Mourne, at the foot of which lie an immense number of large blocks of granite, thrown together in such confusion, and in such quantities, that a fanciful person might suppose they had been collected for the purpose of building another link to the chain of mountains, but which nature, being too busy with the more animated portion of her works, had never found time to begin to. Here, far away from the haunts of man, and surrounded by wildness and desolation, the bitch fox hides her helpless brood,' rears them in safety, and steals out in the darkness of night to plunder the neighbouring hen-roosts, or rabbit - warrens; while higher up, among the cliffs or the mountains, amid the silence and solitude of nature, which is never broken save by the bark of her neighbour the fox, or by her own wild scream, the eagle builds her eyry, reigns undisturbed, and produces her royal birds securely; while to the left of the road, stretches out the broad expanse of the Irish sea, where, as far as the eye can reach, until the sight is bounded by the horizon, extends one livid plain of dark blue waters, the monotonous appearance of which is only broken by the reflection of the sun upon the sails of some distant vessel as she glides across the bay, or NEWCASTLE, or NEWCASTLE-LYONS, a vil- by the white top of some distant billow, as it curls lage, and formerly a parliamentary borough, in the into foam, and sparkles in the light when descendparish and barony of Newcastle, co. Dublin, Lein- ing from its momentary elevation to join its kinster. It stands on the road from Lucan to Naas, dred waters. Such is the scene which presents and on that from Oughterard to Dublin, 1 mile itself after leaving Newcastle, now a thriving vilfrom the transit of the Grand Canal, 2 from the lage, but which not very long since, with the extransit of the proposed Grand-Trunk railway, 2 ception of the castle which gives name to it, connorth-west of Rathcoole, 4 south-south-west of sisted of a few fishermen's huts scattered at random Lucan, and 8 west-south-west of Dublin. A charter along the beach, wherever the convenience or fancy of 11 James I. erected this place into a borough, of the owner suggested. At this place, the shore, created a corporation by the name of "The Port- which has hitherto been a beautiful level sandy reeve, Free Burgesses, and Commonalty of the beach several miles in length, rises perpendicularly Town of Newcastle," and conferred upon the Port- up to the height of more than 100 feet, in the shape reeve and free burgesses the right of sending two of a rocky precipice, in whose rugged fall are several members to parliament. The corporation was the natural caves or excavations, one of which is said, sheer tool of the Right Honourable David Latouche, by the fishermen, to run far into the mountains, and and served no purpose but to seat two of his nomi- to stop directly under the highest point of Slieve nees in parliament; and he, accordingly, received Donard, and is therefore called 'Donard's Cave;' the whole of the £15,000 of compensation for dis- while another, called Armor's Hole, is a perpendicular franchisement at the Legislative Union. A royal gap, about 30 feet wide, and running from 30 to 40 manor of Newcastle at one time existed; but, since feet deep, into the fall of the rock, thereby forming the dissolution of monasteries in the reign of Henry a chasm into the basin of which the tide beats with VIII., this has formed part of the manor of Saggart. a roar sufficient to deaden the sense of hearing in Grants of weekly markets were made for Mondays any person who is hardy enough to approach the and Thursdays; and for fairs on St. Swithin's day, brink of the precipice, a task requiring both a stout All-Saints day, May 9, and Oct. 8. The Newcastle heart and a steady head." Donard-lodge, the bathdispensary within the Celbridge Poor-law union, ing villa of the Countess of Annesley, adjoins the and serves for a district of 6,089 acres, with a pop. town; a spa house and various villas are in the vicinof 1,098; and, in 1839-40, it expended £40, and ad- ity; and Tollymore-park, the magnificent seat of the ministered to 450 patients. The ruins of a "castle" Earl of Roden, is situated about 1 mile to the northno longer new "exist at the village. The alti-west. The town has gradually and somewhat rapidly tude of the village's site is 307 feet above sea-level. increased in importance since 1822; it has acquired 66 much celebrity, and certainly possesses exquisite | Limerick. Tithe composition, £225; glebe, £68. beauty and powerful attractions, as a watering-place; The rectories of Newcastle and MONEGAY [see and it is now nearly a mile in length, and contains that article], constitute the benefice of Newcastle. several places of worship, some schools, a comfort- Length, 10 miles; breadth, 7. Pop., in 1831, 9,147. able inn, numerous pleasant and respectable bathing- Gross income, £899 18s. 6d. ; nett, £827 Os. 14d. lodges, several large and handsome private dwellings, Patron, the Earl of Devon. The incumbent holds and various other appropriate attractions. A castle, also the benefice of Mahoanagh. A curate receives which gave name to the place, was built, in the a salary of £100. The church is a neat structure, reign of Elizabeth, by Felix Magennis, one of the situated in the vicinity of Courtmay-castle, and lords of the barony of Upper Iveagh; and this pile built by the late Lord Courtmay, at his private exwas, not many years ago, in good preservation, and pense. Sittings 350; attendance, about 120. The was rented by the Board of Customs for the accom- Roman Catholic chapel has an attendance of about modation of an officer of the revenue; but it was 3,000. There are two Roman Catholic chapels also taken down, by order of the Earl of Annesley, to in Monegay. In 1834, the Protestants of the parish give place to the present commodious inn. A har- amounted to 200, and the Roman Catholics to 4,328; bour, designed to be a place of rendezvous for the the Protestants of the union to 244, and the Roman revenue cruisers in the neighbouring coast, was com- Catholics to 9,192; 12 daily schools in the parishmenced with the aid of a parliamentary grant of one of which was a free-school, supported by the £5,000; and an excellent and useful pier, well-suited Earl of Devon, one an infant-school, and one a to promote the local fisheries, and eminently advan- mathematical school-had on their books 447 boys tageous to the purposes of general trade, has been and 330 girls; and 20 daily schools in the parish had completed at a total cost of about £30,000. Con- on their books 651 boys and 426 girls In 1842, the siderable quantities of granite from the neighbour- National Board had a school in the Newcastle workhood are shipped at the port; some agricultural house. produce is sent to the larger towns; and the general trade of both port and market has materially increased. In 1835, the exports and the imports amounted, in estimated value, to respectively £3,681 and £3,156. Fairs are held in July and August. Area of the town, 64 acres. Pop., in 1831, 987; in 1841, 1,057. Houses 190. Families employed chiefly in agriculture, 54; in manufactures and trade, 87; in other pursuits, 63. Families dependent chiefly on property and professions, 17; on the directing of labour, 53; on their own manual labour, 106; on means not specified, 28. For further notices of the romantic, brilliant, and sublime scenery connected with the town, see articles SLIEVE-DONARD, SLIEVE-SNAVAN, SHIMNA, DUNDRUM, and TOLLYMORE-PARK. NEWCASTLE, a hamlet in the parish of Slanes, 3 miles east-north-east of Portaferry, barony of Ardes, co. Down, Ulster. It acquires its name from a castle which stood boldly over the sea on a neighbouring neck of land. Pop. not specially returned. NEWCASTLE, a parish, partly in the barony of Shanid, but chiefly in that of Glenquin, co. Limerick, Munster. The Glenquin section contains the village of CHURCHTOWN, and the greater part of the town of NEWCASTLE: see these articles. Length, 3 miles; breadth, 2. Area of the Shanid section, 168 acres; of the Glenquin section, 5,257 acres. Pop. of the whole, in 1831, 4,434; in 1841, 4,191. Houses 550. Pop., in 1841, of the Shanid section, 15; of the rural districts of the Glenquin section, 1,720. Houses in these, respectively 2 and 213. The surface is a beautiful, diversified, and fertile portion of the basin of the Deel, and is watered by the Deel itself and some of its minor affluents. The western border forms the commencement of the vast highland region of Limerick, Kerry, and Cork. The principal seats are Chesterfield, Knockaderry, Ashgrove, Castleview, Glenville, Cahirmoyle, Springfield-castle, and Courtmay-castle, the two last the residences of respectively Lord Muskerry and the Earl of Devon. Courtmay-castle closely adjoins the town, and seems to have originally given it its name; it is part of an old military pile erected and occupied by a community of Knights Templers, but fitted up as a residence by the late Lord Courtmay; and the fine old trees which adorn its attached demesne, impart to the town a pleasingly rural appearance. The direct road from Limerick to Tralee, and that from Tarbert to Mallow, intersect each other in the interior. This parish is a rectory, in the dio. of NEWCASTLE, a post and market town, in the parishes of Newcastle and Moregay, barony of Glenquin, co. Limerick, Munster. It stands at the intersection of the road from Limerick to Tralee, with that from Tarbert to Mallow, 1 mile west of the river Deel, 6 south-west of Rathkeale, 74 south by east of Shanagolden, 10 north-east of Abbeyfeale, 15 north-west by west of Charleville, 20 south-west of Limerick, and 114 south-west by west of Dublin. It contains a church, a Roman Catholic chapel, a market-house, and an infantry barrack; and it derives much embellishment from the immediate juxtaposition of the mansion and demesne of CastleCourtmay. "The Knights Templars," says Archdall," erected a castle here, hence its present name, adjoining which a walled town insensibly sprung up, and at length became a corporation; but in process of time it fell to decay, and is now in ruins." The town stands in the centre of the richest part of a very fertile and beautiful tract of country; and is watered by a pleasant and rippling little affluent of the Deel. Fairs are held on April 1, May 3, July 12, August 20, Oct. 1, and Dec. 16.-The Newcastle Poor-law union ranks as the 4th, and was declared on Dec. 28, 1838. It lies wholly within the baronies of Glenquin, Shanid, and Upper Connello, in the county of Limerick, and comprehends an area of 132,895 acres, which contained, in 1831, a pop. of 51,650. The number of elected guardians is 22, and of ex-officio guardians is 7. The electoral divisions, together with the number of valued tenements in each are, in the barony of Glenquin, Abbeyfeale, 570; Monegay, 733; Killougholehane, 262; Killeady, 508; and Mahoonah, 482;-in the baronies of Glenquin and Shanid, Newcastle, 709; in the baronies of Glenquin and Upper Connello, Clouncah, 358;-in the barony of Shanid, Ardagh, 353; and Rathronan, 240;-and in the barony of Upper Connello, Castletown, 801; Drumcolloher, 406; Ballingarry, 1,082; and Kilmeedy, 530. The total number of valued tenements in the Glenquin divisions, and parts of divisions, is 3,413;-in the Shanid divisions, 638,-in the Upper Connello divisions, 2,983,-in the whole union, 7,034; and of this total, 3,348 were valued under £5,-813, under £10,-607, under £15,-408, under £20,-358, under £25,-254, under £30,-459, under £40,232, under £50,-and 555, at and above £50. The total nett annual value of the property rated is £113,218 10s.; the total number of persons rated is 7,037; and of these, 1,371 were rated for a valua |