The fourth, fifth, and fixth articles appeared in the Analytical Review: the firft of thefe is a critique on Mr. Curtis's Botanical Magazine: the fecond, on Dr. Berkenhout's fecond edition of his Synopfis of the Natural Hiftory of Great Britain; and the third, on a work published by S. Bertezen, entitled, "Thoughts on the different Kinds of Food given to Silk Worms, and the Poffibility of their being brought to Perfection in the Climate of England, founded on Experiments made near the Metropolis." The next paper was read before the Linnæan Society in 1789 it is the review of a fpurious Dutch edition of Linnæus's Syftema Nature. The remainder of the volume is the moft interefting part of it it confifts of defcriptions, illuftrated with coloured plates, of fome newly inftituted genera of plants in New Holland. They are the following: I. Sprengelia, of which there is only one fpecies, the S. incarnata, a fhrub, of about two feet high; II. Wefiringia, of which the only known fpecies is the IV. rofmarinifolia, a shrub very much branched, and with leaves growing by fours; and, laftly, III. Bo ronia, of which four fpecies are defcribed, namely, B. pinnata, ferrulata, parviflora, and polygalifulia. On the whole, the contents of this volume will be extremely interefting to the naturalift, although many of them are certainly not new.

Mr. ABBOT's Flora Bedfordienfis will be confidered by the botanift as a valuable addition to his library: Bedfordshire, although one of the finalleft counties in England, produces a vaft diverfity of plants. Mr. Abbot in the prefent work has defcribed, as growing wild there, no lefs than 1,225 plants! Thefe are arranged according to the Linnæan fyftem; and, where the author obferved any peculiarity, he has made fuch remarks as will tend to illuftrate it. In the prefent work are fix plates; the following plants are figured in them: alchemilla vulgaris; convallaria majalis; viola paluftris; hydnum imbricatum; peziza cornucopioides; and lycoperdon carpobolus. It could have been wifhed that Mr. Abbot had selected for engraving, plants lefs generally known than most of thefe are but the labours of Mr. Abbot, it is to be hoped, will not ftop here.

It is with great pleasure that we remark the rifing genius of a Scotch gentleman, who is treading with rapid fteps in the fame path which Werner and Kirwan have trodden before him. Mr. JAMESON has published An Outline of the Mineralogy of the Shetland Islands, and of the Ifland of Arran, illuftrated with Copper

plates; with an Appendix, containing Obfervations on Peat, Kelp, and Coal." Mr. Jamefon turns not to the right-hand or to the left: "the outline," fays he, " which I now lay before the public may be thought tedious; it is true, I have not followed the plan of a medley, having adhered entirely to mineralogical obfervations, without deviating in any inftance to general fubjects which diftract our atten. tion, and plcafe the fancy without any real advantage." It may well excite furprife, that a work thus purely fcientific should be the production of a youth, who, at the time he made his mineralogical tour through the islands, had numbered only eighteen years! but is undoubtedly true.

Dr. HARRINGTON has published Some new Experiments, with Obfervations, upon Heat, clearly fhewing the erroneous Frinciples of the French Theory: aljo a Letter to HENRY CAVENDISH, &c. In this philofophical farrago the author has incorporated ftrictures upon fome late chemical papers in the Philofophical Tranfactions, The Doctor quarrels with all modern philofophers and chemifts, and talks to them in a tone of vulgarity and imperioufnefs which will effectually feeure him from their animadverfiors in reply.

Botany Difplayed, by Mr. THOMPSON, is intended as an elucidation of the Linnæan fyftem. Some of the plates are well executed; and indeed they may be faid to conftitute the chief value of the work.

The Second Part of the Philofophical Tranfactions of the Royal Society of London, for the Year 1798," is published, containing, as ufual, many papers of high value.

The third volume of the Tranfactions of the American Philofophical Society held at Philadelphia, for promoting ufeful Knowledge, is alfo published; and it is highly pleafing to remark, that each volume exceeds the other in the variety and importance of its matter: in the prefent, there is a great deal of what is at once curious and useful. Under the head of

FINE ARTS.

We may without impropriety notice the republication of Mr. MASON'S Efay on Design in Gardening: this effay was originally published in the year 1768, when the fubject on which it treats was new; fince that period, the labours of Walpole, GILPIN, and PRICE(of the latter more particularly in our cftimation) have contributed in forwarding its progrefs to perfection. Mr. Mafon has not viewed thefe labours with an eye of indifference; in the present republication he has very confiderably augmented his original effay, and has, moreover,

3 Y 2 incorporated

incorporated a revifion of the following works which have appeared upon the fubject: Obfervations on Modern Gardening; the elegant poem, entitled, The English Garden; the Village Memoirs, a novel, containing ftrictures on landscape gardening; Walpole's Treatise on Modern Gardening; and Price's Efay on the Picturefque. An appendix is added on Bowers, fhewing them to have been retired chambers or refidences, and not arbours, as Mr. Walpole fuppofes them to have been.

Mr. BARRY has published A Letter to the Dilettanti Society, refpecting the Obtenfion of certain Matiers neceffary for the Improvement of Public Tafte, and for accomplishing the original Views of the Royal Academy of Great Britain. This is the laft time that Mr. Barry will fign himfelf, "R. A. Profeffor of Painting to the Royal Academy." It is well known, that his Majefty has thought proper to erafe, with his own hand, the name of Mr. Barry from the lift of Royal Academicians! But it is not for us to make comments on a meafure of this fort. Mr. Barry's ftyle of writing is not the most courteous and conciliating; he ridicules, with a degree of afperity not very palatable to the fubjects of it, the fubfcription formed by individuals to learn the Venetian colouring, as if it were dull mechanifm. He afterwards enforces, with much and very honourable zeal, the importance of a collection of ancient art, that fcholars may attain excellence by fudying the mafter-pieces of their predeceffors. Mr. Barry breathes an enthufiaftic prayer for the falvation of the papal government, as the afylum and repofitory of all the arts which humanife fociety. The pontifical republic at Rome he ftyles the "univerfal treafury and theatre for the culture and fupport of the education of Europe; where throwing afide all privilege, rank, and claims of family and primogeniture, every thing was devoted to the general promotion of intellect. All its honours, and rewards, its mitres, purple hats, and tiara, acceffible to all, to every condition, where fuperior worth and ability could be found, diffufed fuch a fpirit throughout Europe as was beft calculated to wrestle with the brutal ferocity of the dark gothic ages, and fooner or later could not fail of being attended with the most extenfive falutary effects." In this letter to the Dilettanti Society, Mr. Barry has incorporated fome interefting anecdotes of Mr. Burke, Sir Joshua Reynolds, Mortimer, Huffey, &c. &c.

NOEL DEFENSANS, Efquire, has publifhed A Plan, preceded by a fort Review

of the fine Arts, to preferve among us and tranfmit to Pofterity, the Portraits of the most diftinguished Characters of England, Scotland, and Ireland, fince his Majefty's Acceffion to the Throne; alfo to give Encou ragement to British Artifts, and to enrich and adorn London with fome Galleries of Pictures, Statues, Antiques, Medals, and other valuable Curiofities, without any Expence to Government. Mr. Defenfans' plan is to appropriate the British Museum to the purpose of receiving portraits of eminent men, and fpecimens of art: the exhibition to be open nine months in the year, and to be infpected by the public at large on the payment of a fixed fum. He is of opinion, that the expence of the inftitution would be defrayed by the curiofity of the public: this is much to be queftioned. An open exhibition of this fort, moreover, would almoft of neceffity interfere with the retirement of the prefent Mufeum. Why fhould they have any connection with each other? why not erect feparate galleries for the admiffion of thefe portraits? The hint, however, which Mr. Defenfans has thrown out is worth attention: that government fhould name the fubjects who are to be honoured with a place in this gallery is, perhaps, exceptionable government would foon have the nomination of the artifts, and the whole fcheme would prefently degenerate into a mere job.

M. CONSTANT DE MASSOUL's Treatife on the Art of Painting, aud the Compofition of Colours, &c. is a compilation from Frefnoy, Depiles, Leonardo da Vinci, &c. The object of the prefent publication is to inform the public that the original author has a manufactory in Bond Street, where ladies and gentlemen may be furnished with every article neceffary for painting and drawing. From the present subject we proceed to

MATHEMATICS.

Dr. HUTTON, profeffor of mathematics in the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich, has published, in two 8vo. volumes, A Course of Mathematics, which he has compofed, and more especially defigned, for the ufe of the gentlemen cadets in that ufeful inftitution. Dr. Hutton's eminence in this branch of fcience has been univerfally acknowledged, and the prefent work will by no means derogate from the celebrity which he has fo arduously earned: the object which he feems to have had chiefly in view is fuch an one as muft lay every pupil under great obligations to him: it is that of rendering eafy and familiar a most difficult and abftrufe fubject. The first

The Regius Profeffor of Mathematics in the University of St. Andrews, Mr. NiCHOLAS VILANT, has abridged for the use of students, with demonftrations and explanatory notes, The Elements of Mathematics analyzed, to which he has added a fynopfis of the fifth book of Euclid. This moft ufeful little work, which contains but an hundred and eighty pages, was printed, as the preface informs us, upwards of twenty years ago, and fince that time has received from its author various alterations and material improvements. This is to be confidered as the outline of a large and important work, which the author promifes, of Mathematical Analyfis: we fincerely hope that he may meet with no interruption in the profecution of his laborious undertaking. Mr. Vilant, in his Appendix, has reduced with fingular ingenuity and neatnefs the fifth book of Euclid's Elements into the language of algebra.

Mr. HOWARD has published A Treatife of Spherical Geometry, containing its fundamental Properties, the Doctrine of its Loci, the Maxima and Minima of Spheres, Lines, and Areas, with an Application of bofe Elements to a Variety of Problems. This work is extremely valuable to the learner; the arrangement is good, and the demonftrations, generally fpeaking, are at once elegant and perfpicuous.

Mr. MANNING has publifhed the fecond volume of his Introduction to Arithmetic and Algebra; it evinces the fame accuracy, acuteness, and perfpicuity, which gave fuch merited reputation to the firft.

TACTICS.

An Elucidation of several Parts of his Majefty's Regulations for the Formation and Movements of Cavalry has lately been printed for the War Office: it is reported to have been drawn up by Colonel LE MERCHANT, from the elementary inftructions of General DAVID DUNDAS, in his Cavalry Movements: this latter work is out of print.

The following publication, moreover, is faid to be written in elucidation of general

DUNDAS's elementary treatife: namely, Inftructions for forming a Regiment of Infantry for Parade of Exercife, together with the eighteen Manoeuvres, as ordered to be practifed by his Majesty's Infantry Forces, accompanied by Explanations and Diagrams.

The Light Horfe Drill is an ufeful work, "defcribing the feveral evolutions in a progreflive feries, from the first rudiments to the maneuvres of the fquadron:" the defcriptions are illuftrated with copperplates, which are executed with much neatness and accuracy.

A fecond edition has appeared of Captain REIDE's very excellent Treatife on the Duty of Infantry Officers, and the prefent Syftem of British Military Difcipline.

Mr. Rose, junior (M. P.) is faid to be the anonymous tranflator of Inftructions for Hufars, and Light Cavalry, acting as fuch in Time of War. Mr. R. has prefixed to this little work a fenfible and modeft preface, and has enriched it moreover with a variety of useful notes,

to

The laft work which we have occafion mention under the head of Tactics, is a tranflation from the German, entitled, The Officers Manual in the Field; or a Series of Military Plans, reprefenting the principal Operations of a Campaign. In this volume are fixty plates, very neatly and correctly executed, together with perspicuous explanations. But it is time that we should turn our fwords into ploughfhares, and proceed to the arts of

AGRICULTURE AND HUSBANDRY.

Mr. PARKINSON of Doncaster has published, what he tells us, in the titlepage, is "an entire new work," The experienced Farmer, in which "the whole fyftem of agriculture, hufbandry, and breeding of cattle is explained and copioufly enlarged upon, &c." Mr. P. in all probability is a good practical farmer: but he attempts to philofophife without being fufficiently qualified for the task: his work is deftitute of arrangement and precision: he fometimes expatiates on common-place particulars, and does not always pay fufficient attention to things of importance. These volumes, notwithstanding all their defects, contain much valuable information to the practical farmer ? he will here find fome good hints toward economy in the management of horses and cattle, &c. Mr. P. is not aware how unfavourable an effect has egotifm, or he would not fpeak fo much of himfeif.

M: WRIGHT has published The Art of floating Land, as it is practifed in the County of Gloucefter: he conceives that the

right method of floating is very little un derftood, and attributes to a misconception of this right method the frequent failure of those who have tried the experiment. After having ftated what he confiders to be the primary object of floating,-namely, to procure a depofit of manure by the water ufed, and by the water at the fame time to fhelter the land from the feverity of winter, Mr. W. tells us, that the chief effentials of the art are, that the water be made to flow over the furface of the land an inch deep during winter, and that no part of the water fhall be made upon a dead level. This latter caution feems to have been unneceffary, for it is obvious that water cannot flow over a dead level furface. Mr. W. recommends the depth of an inch; for if it be deeper, and the courfe of fuperfluous water be continued for feveral weeks, the grafs, unable to endure a long immerfion, will be deftroyed; if it be lefs than an inch, fo much water is not used as might be effectually trained and fifted by the grafs, fo much mucilage is not collected as might be, nor is the land fo completely fheltered as is neceffary and practicable. On the whole, this effay may be read with advantage.

We are happy to fee that Mr. MARSHALL has not yet retired from his labours: he has published The Rural Economy of the Southern Counties; comprising Kent, Surrey, Suffex, the Isle of Wight, the Chalk Hills of Wiltshire, Hampshire, &c. The prefent work evinces the fame diligent and fenfible obfervation which diftinguished his former productions, and it is written on the fame plan: it is worthy of remark, that Mr. M. attributes the refpectable character of the yeomanry of Kent to the law which is yet prevalent, of gavel-kind. An interefting portion of thefe volumes is that which relates to the culture and management of hops in the diftrict of Maidstone, Canterbury, and Farnham Mr. M. has given a very clear and judicious account of the cultivation of this valuable plant, and has occafionally fuggefted what he confiders to be improvements. The great objection to this work is the unneceffary elaboration of the materials: the matter might certainly have been compreffed into a fingle volume, and that volume would have been fuperior in value to the prefent two.

JURISPRUDENCE.

In purfuance of an order of the Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn, Mr. MACKINTOSH, in the early part of the prefent year, commenced a course of Lectures on the Study of the Law of

Nature and Nations, the introductory Difcourfe to which, illuftrative of the general plan which he intended to purfue, Mr. Mackintosh has offered for pub. lic perufal. This introductory difcourfe, whether we confider it in point of style, matter, or arrangement, is equally excellent. The very eloquent writer, after having given a concife history of the progrefs and prefent ftate of the science which he is about to illuftrate, after having enumerated the able authors who have written on the fubject, and poured forth with the ore rotundo Ciceronis, an encomium on the verfatile genius, the profound learning, and the unwearied industry of Grotius, proceeds to sketch the outlines of his lecture. He divides his fubject into fix parts, each of which is feparately confidered: in the firft place he propofes to enter into an examination of the faculties and the habits of the human mind; in the fecond part he confiders what is our practical duty: here Mr. Mackintofh obferves, that almost all our relative duties arife out of the two great inftitutions of property and marriage. Having established thefe as the fundamental principles of private morality, he proceeds to an examination of man, in the third place, as a subject and fovereign, as a citizen and magiftrate: in this divifion of his fubject, the learned lecturer propofes to inveftigate the forms, and notice the particularities of the most celebrated governments of ancient and modern times, clofing his investigation with an account of the Conftitution of England. Mr. M. will, in the fourth place, difcufs and endeavour to lay open the general principles of criminal and civil law, and will enter into a comparison of the codes of England and of Rome. The law of nations, ftrictly and properly fo called, will be the fubject of the fifth fection: and, as an important fupplement to his plan, he purpofes, in the fixth and laft place, to offer a furvey of the diplomatic and conventional law of Europe, with an account of the treaties of Weftphalia, of Oliva, of the Pyrenees, of Breda, of Nimeguen, of Ryfwich, of Utrecht, of Aix-la-Chapelle, of Paris (1763), and of Versailles (1783). Such are the outlines which, in his lectures, Mr. Mackintofh proposes to fill up. Various as are the acquirements, deep as is the learn ing requifite, we cannot fuffer ourselves to queftion the competence of the lecturer to fucceed in his arduous undertak

ing. Who but muft with fuccefs to a

man

man who fays, "I fhall feel a great confolation at the conclufion of these lectures, if, by a wide furvey and an exact examination of the condition and relation of human nature, I fhall have confirmed but one individual in the conviction that juftice is the permanent intereft of all men, and of all commonwealths. To discover one new link of that eternal chain by which the Author of the univerfe has bound together the happiness and the duty of his creatures, and indiffolubly fastened their interefts to each other, would fill my heart with more pleasure than all the fame with which the moft ingenious paradox ever crowned the moft eloquent fophift?”

The learned profeffor of civil law in the university of Dublin, ARTHUR BROWNE. Efq. has published, A compendious View of the Civil Law, being the fubftance of a courfe of lectures which he delivered there. Mr. B. ftates his principal object in the publication of the lectures to have been the evidence of his industry; he was defirous of fhewing that he did not wish to enjoy the emoluments of his office without undergoing the fatigue of it. With this view he has laboured hard in his vocation-GO THOU AND DO LIKEWISE. A large proportion of our legal gentlemen are very infufficiently acquainted with the Roman jurifprudence: Mr. Browne attributes this defect," not to want of diligence, but to the nature and quantity of the treatises on the fubject, for in quantity and number they are abundant." In order to facilitate the acquifition of a knowledge at least of the leading doctrines of a fcience" which was never defpifed but by those who were ignorant of it," Mr. Browne confidered that a work written in the method and order adopted by Mr. Juftice Blackftone in his Commentaries on the Laws of England, might intice the ftudent of the common law to cultivate an acquaintance with this more ancient code. The prefent work is indeed a compendious view of the civil law, fo much fo, that the author has thought it neceffary, not indeed to apologise but to ftate his reafons, for its brevity: to thofe who are already well verfed in the fcience, it can only be of ufe as an abridgement in adjumentum memoriæ; and those who are deterred by the prolixity of civilians from the ftudy of their works, who either have not fufficient time or not fufficient

inclination for the purpofe, have certainly no right to object against the brevity and compreffed mat.er of the prefent work.

As a fequel to this volume, Mr. B. has it in contemplation to publish A Sketch of the Practice of the Ecclefiaftical Courts, with fome Cafes determined therein in Ireland, and fome ufeful Directions to the Clergy.

In the confined fenfe of the word, there have lately been but few books of LAW

the

published. We fhall enumerate moft material of thofe which have rewarded our fearch. The first part of volume viii. is published of Reports of Cafes argued and determined in the Court of King's Bench in Michaelmas Term, 1798, by C. DURNFORD and E. H. EAST of the Temple, Efqrs. as is the fourth part of Meffrs. BOSANQUET and PULLER'S Reports of Cafes, &c. in the Court of Common Pleas in Trinity and Michaelmas Terms 1798. Both thefe works do great credit to the reporters; they are continued with much fpirit and accuracy.

Mr. BEVILL'S Treatife on the Law of Homicide and of Larceny, at Common Law, is ftated to be part of a large work which for feveral years he has been preparing, and which was intended to contain the law upon all the offences ufually tried at the affizes. The prefent treatise relates to two offences, upon which, fays Mr. B. there are many points that have been but inaccurately stated, and many which are ftill open to litigation he has therefore endeavoured to extract all the principles by which the law as to these offences is governed; he has given a diftinct explanation of the law upon manflaughter, in all its cafes; and, as far as depends upon the law, has fucceeded in explaining the precife diftinctions between that offence and murder. In this valuable work, Mr. Bevill has exhibited a great deal of acute difcrimination. The chapter on duelling is an excellent one.

Mr. TOMLINS of the Inner Temple (Editor of the Law Dictionary), has published A digefted Index to the Seven Volumes of Term Reports in the Court of King's Bench, containing a concife Statement of all the Points of Law determined in that Court from Michaelmas Term, 26 George III. 1785, to Trinity Term 38 George III. 1798, inclufive, with Tables of Reference to the Names of Cajes, Statutes cited, &c. The neceffity of an index to thefe reports was very obvious: Mr. Tomlins has fupplied the defideratum in a copious, accurate, and methodical manner.

The author of Thoughts on the Law of Forfeiture and Parliamentary Attainder for High Treafon, as applying to the Bill [then] depending in the Irijh Parliament,