Economic and Social Issues in Agricultural BiotechnologyRobert E. Evenson, V. Santaniello, David Zilberman CABI, 2002 M07 1 - 448 pages There are currently many controversial socioeconomic issues concerned with the development and implementation of agricultural biotechnology. This book presents selected revised and edited papers from the fourth and fifth meetings of the International Consortium on Agricultural Biotechnology Research, held in Italy in 2000 and 2001. |
Contents
| 2 | |
Farmers Rights and Intellectual Property Rights Reconciling | 61 |
PUBLICPRIVATE ISSUES | 93 |
Mergers and Intellectual Property in Agricultural Biotechnology | 119 |
THE ROLE OF METHODS | 159 |
The Impact of Genetic Use Restriction Technologies on Developing | 181 |
Managing Proprietary Technology in Agricultural Research | 193 |
Is Markerassisted Selection Costeffective Compared with Conventional | 203 |
Value of Engineered Virus Resistance in Crop Plants | 251 |
Institutions and Institutional Capacity for Biotechnology | 269 |
Social And Economic Impact Ex Ante Evaluation | 287 |
Intellectual Property Protection and the International Marketing | 309 |
Efficiency Effects of Bt Cotton Adoption by Smallholders | 325 |
Income and Employment Effects of Transgenic Herbicideresistant Cassava | 351 |
INTERNATIONAL MODELS | 359 |
Index | 409 |
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Economic and Social Issues in Agricultural Biotechnology Robert Eugene Evenson,V. Santaniello,David Zilberman No preview available - 2002 |
Common terms and phrases
adoption Agricultural Biotechnology Agricultural Research allele analysis application Asia bean benefits biotech breeders breeding schemes Bt cotton cassava CGIAR China CIMMYT commercial conservation conventional breeding cost developing countries economic effects efficiency Embrapa estimated evaluation Evenson exports farm farmers firms gene genebank generis germplasm global GM crops GMOs Green Revolution GURTS hybrid ICARDA impact important improved increase innovations inputs institutions intellectual property intellectual property rights International investment IUPGR labour landraces maize ment nology non-GM oilseeds opaque2 papaya papaya ringspot virus patents pest pesticide PGRFA plant breeding plant genetic resources Plant Variety Protection potential production programme protein PRSV regions resistance rice sample scenario sector seed industry share soybean SPAL Table technology transfer terminator technology tion trade traditional transgenic University UPOV variables virus welfare wheat yield
Popular passages
Page 51 - ... knowledge, innovations and practices relevant to the conservation of biological diversity and sustainable use of its components. Article 8(j) of the Convention required each signatory ... subject to its national legislation, respect, preserve and maintain knowledge, innovations and practices of indigenous and local communities embodying traditional lifestyles relevant for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity...
Page 70 - Convention, to be pursued in accordance with its relevant provisions, are the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources...
Page 50 - Recognizing the sovereign rights of States over their natural resources, the authority to determine access to genetic resources rests with the national governments and is subject to national legislation.
Page 90 - Members may also exclude from patentability: (a) diagnostic, therapeutic and surgical methods for the treatment of humans or animals; (b) plants and animals other than microorganisms, and essentially biological processes for the production of plants or animals other than nonbiological and microbiological processes.
Page 51 - Party shall take legislative, administrative or policy measures, as appropriate, and in accordance with Articles 16 and 19 and, where necessary, through the financial mechanism established by Articles 20 and 21 with the aim of sharing in a fair and equitable way the results of research and development and the benefits arising from the commercial and other utilization of genetic resources with the Contracting Party providing such resources.
Page 53 - Parties recognize the enormous contribution that the local and indigenous communities and farmers of all regions of the world, particularly those in the centres of origin and crop diversity, have made and will continue to make for the conservation and development of plant genetic resources which constitute the basis of food and agriculture production throughout the world. 9.2 The Contracting Parties agree that the responsibility for realizing Farmers' Rights, as they relate to plant genetic resources...
Page 90 - rights arising from the past, present and future contributions of farmers in conserving, improving and making available plant genetic resources particularly those in the centres of origin/diversity.
Page 53 - ... plants and animals other than micro-organisms, and essentially biological processes for the production of plants or animals other than non-biological and microbiological processes. However, Members shall provide for the protection of plant varieties either by patents or by an effective sui generis system or by any combination thereof.
Page 66 - Contracting Party may, within reasonable limits and subject to the safeguarding of the legitimate interests of the breeder, restrict the breeder's right in relation to any variety in order to permit farmers to use for propagating purposes, on their own holdings, the product of the harvest which they have obtained by planting, on their own holdings, the protected variety or a variety covered by Article 14(5)(a)(i) or (ii).
Page 121 - Therefore, the majority ruled, "[t)he patentee has produced a new bacterium with markedly different characteristics from any found in nature and one having potential for significant utility.