SCENE II.-The Coast of Wales. A Castle in View.

Flourish: Drums and Trumpets. Enter KING RICHARD, BISHOP OF CARLISLE, AUMERLE, and Soldiers.

K. RICH. Barkloughly castle call you this at hand?
AUM. Yea, my lord. How brooks your grace the air,
After your late tossing on the breaking seas?
K. RICH. Needs must I like it well; I weep for joy,
To stand upon my kingdom once again.

Dear earth, I do salute thee with my hand,

Though rebels wound thee with their horses' hoofs:
As a long-parted mother with her child

Plays fondly with her tears and smiles, in meeting;
So, weeping-smiling, greet I thee, my earth,
And do thee favour with my royal hands.
Feed not thy sovereign's foe, my gentle earth,
Nor with thy sweets comfort his ravenous sense:
But let thy spiders, that suck up thy venom,
And heavy-gaited toads, lie in their way;
Doing annoyance to the treacherous feet
Which with usurping steps do trample thee.
Yield stinging nettles to mine enemies :
And when they from thy bosom pluck a flower,
Guard it, I pray thee, with a lurking adder,
Whose double tongue may with a mortal touch
Throw death upon thy sovereign's enemies.
Mock not my senseless conjuration, lords;

This earth shall have a feeling, and these stones
Prove armed soldiers, ere her native king

■ The usual mode of reading these two beautiful lines is as follows:"As a long-parted mother with her child

Plays fondly with her tears, and smiles in meeting." Smiles, in this way, is a verb; but, by the transposition of the comma, it is read as a noun. The "long-parted mother" does not only play fondly with her tears, but with her smiles also. Richard adds,

"So weeping-smiling, greet I thee, my earth.”

The repeated use, by Richard, of the word earth, would seem to indicate that Shakspere employs the word in the meaning of inheritance,—possession,-"my kingdom,”—“ dear earth,”—“ my earth,"—" my gentle earth." Mr. Whiter, in his curious 'Etymological Dictionary,' has shown that the word heir is derived from earth. "The Latin hæres, hæred-is, or, as it was anciently written, eres, is the person who possesses, or is destined to possess, the certain spot of land,-or of earth, hertha, herda, &c." When Capulet, in Romeo and Juliet,' says, "She is the hopeful lady of my earth,"

there is little doubt that he means that Juliet is his heiress.

Heavy-gaited toads. This epithet is one of the many examples of Shakspere's wonderful accuracy in observing natural objects, and of his power of conveying an image by a word.

Shall falter under foul rebellion's a arms.

BISHOP. Fear not, my lord; that Power that made you king
Hath power to keep you king, in spite of all.

[The means that heaven yields must be embrac'd,
And not neglected; else, if heaven would,
And we will not, heaven's offer we refuse;
The proffer'd means of succour and redress b.]
AUм. He means, my lord, that we are too remiss;
Whilst Bolingbroke, through our security,
Grows strong and great, in substance, and in friends.
K. RICH. Discomfortable cousin! know'st thou not,
That, when the searching eye of heaven is hid
Behind the globe, and lights the lower world,
Then thieves and robbers range abroad unseen,
In murthers, and in outrage, boldlyd here;
But when, from under this terrestrial ball,
He fires the proud tops of the eastern pines,
And darts his light through every guilty hole,
Then murthers, treasons, and detested sins,

The cloak of night being pluck'd from off their backs,
Stand bare and naked, trembling at themselves?
So when this thief, this traitor, Bolingbroke,-
Who all this while hath revell'd in the night,
[Whilst we were wand'ring with the antipodes,-]
Shall see us rising in our throne the east,
His treasons will sit blushing in his face,
Not able to endure the sight of day,
But, self-affrighted, tremble at his sin.
Not all the water in the rough rude sea
Can wash the balm from an anointed king:
The breath of worldly men cannot depose
The deputy elected by the Lord :

For every man that Bolingbroke hath press'd,
To lift shrewd steel against our golden crown,
Heaven for his Richard hath in heavenly pay

› Rebellion's arms. So the quarto of 1597. The folio rebellious. These four lines, enclosed in brackets, are omitted in the folio.

* And lights. All the old copies read that lights. That, as a relative, has probably searching eye for its antecedent; but the construction is still difficult, whilst a slight alteration removes the difficulty.

d Boldly. All the editions read bloody, with the exception of the quarto of 1597, which has bouldy," conjectured by Mr. Collier to be a misprint for "bouldly." We agree with Mr. Dyce that "nothing can be plainer than that' boldly' is put in opposition to 'trembling,' in the last line of this glorious passage."

Light. In the folio, lightning.

This line is omitted in the folio.

A glorious angel: then, if angels fight,

Weak men must fall; for heaven still guards the right.

Enter SALISBURY.

Welcome, my lord; How far off lies your power?
SAL. Nor near, nor farther off, my gracious lord,

Than this weak arm: Discomfort guides my tongue,
And bids me speak of nothing but despair.
One day too late, I fear, my noble lord,
Hath clouded all thy happy days on earth:
O, call back yesterday, bid time return,

And thou shalt have twelve thousand fighting men:
To-day, to-day, unhappy day, too late,

O'erthrows thy joys, friends, fortune, and thy state;
For all the Welshmen, hearing thou wert dead,
Are gone to Bolingbroke, dispers'd, and fled.
AUM. Comfort, my liege; why looks your grace so pale?
K. RICH. But now, the blood of twenty thousand men
Did triumph in my face, and they are fled;

And, till so much blood thither come again,

a

Have I not reason to look pale and dead?
All souls that will be safe fly from my side;
For time hath set a blot upon my pride.
AUM. Comfort, my liege; remember who you are.
K. RICH. I had forgot myself: Am I not king?
Awake thou sluggard majesty! thou sleepest.
Is not the king's name forty thousand names?
Arm, arm, my name! a puny subject strikes
At thy great glory.-Look not to the ground,
Ye favourites of a king. Are we not high?
High be our thoughts: I know, my uncle York
Hath power enough to serve our turn. But who
Comes here?

Enter SCROOP.

SCROOP. More health and happiness betide my liege,
Than can my care-tun'd tongue deliver him.
K. RICH. Mine ear is open, and my heart prepar'd;
The worst is worldly loss thou canst unfold.
Say, is my kingdom lost? why, 't was my care;
And what loss is it to be rid of care?

Strives Bolingbroke to be as great as we?

Sluggard. So the folio. The quartos have coward.

Greater he shall not be; if he serve God,
We'll serve him too, and be his fellow so.
Revolt our subjects? that we cannot mend;
They break their faith to God, as well as us:
Cry woe, destruction, ruin, loss, decay;

The worst is death, and death will have his day.
SCROOP. Glad am I that your highness is so arm'd
To bear the tidings of calamity.

Like an unseasonable stormy day,

Which makes the silver rivers drown their shores,
As if the world were all dissolv'd to tears;

So high above his limits swells the rage
Of Bolingbroke, covering your fearful land
With hard bright steel, and hearts harder than steel.
White beards have arm'd their thin and hairless scalps
Against thy majesty; and boys, with women's voices,
Strive to speak big, and clap their female joints

In stiff unwieldy arms against thy crown:
Thy very beadsmen learn to bend their bows
Of double-fatal yew against thy state;
Yea, distaff-women manage rusty bills
Against thy seat: both young and old rebel,
And all goes worse than I have power to tell.
K. RICH. Too well, too well, thou tell'st a tale so ill,
Where is the earl of Wiltshire? where is Bagot?
What is become of Bushy? where is Green?
That they have let the dangerous enemy
Measure our confines with such peaceful steps?

If we prevail, their heads shall pay for it.

I warrant they have made peace with Bolingbroke. SCROOP. Peace have they made with him, indeed, my lord. K. RICH. O villains, vipers, damn'd without redemption ! Dogs, easily won to fawn on any man!

Snakes, in my heart-blood warm'd, that sting my heart! Three Judases, each one thrice worse than Judas! Would they make peace? terrible hell make war Upon their spotted souls for this offence! SCROOP. Sweet love, I see, changing his property, Turns to the sourest and most deadly hate:

Again uncurse their souls; their peace is made

With heads, and not with hands: those whom you curse
Have felt the worst of death's destroying wound,
And lie full low, grav'd in the hollow ground.

AUM. Is Bushy, Green, and the earl of Wiltshire, dead?
SCROOP. Yea, all of them at Bristol lost their heads.

AUM. Where is the duke my father, with his power?

K. RICH. No matter where. Of comfort no man speak:
Let's talk of graves, of worms, and epitaphs;
Make dust our paper, and with rainy eyes
Write sorrow on the bosom of the earth.
Let's choose executors, and talk of wills:
And yet not so,-for what can we bequeath,
Save our deposed bodies to the ground?
Our lands, our lives, and all, are Bolingbroke's,
And nothing can we call our own but death;
And that small model of the barren earth,
Which serves as paste and cover to our bones b.
For heaven's sake, let us sit upon the ground,
And tell sad stories of the death of kings:-
How some have been depos'd, some slain in war,
Some haunted by the ghosts they have depos'd":
Some poison'd by their wives, some sleeping kill'd;
All murther'd:-For within the hollow crown
That rounds the mortal temples of a king,
Keeps Death his court; and there the antic sits,
Scoffing his state, and grinning at his pomp,-18
Allowing him a breath, a little scene
To monarchise, be fear'd, and kill with looks;
Infusing him with self and vain conceit,-
As if this flesh, which walls about our life,
Were brass impregnable,—and, humour'd thus,
Comes at the last, and with a little pin

Bores through his castle walls, and-farewell king!
Cover your heads, and mock not flesh and blood
With solemn reverence; throw away respect,
Tradition, form, and ceremonious duty,
For you have but mistook me all this while :

I live with bread like you, feel want, taste grief,

Need friends-Subjected thus,

How can you say to me-I am a king?

BISHOP. My lord, wise men ne'er wail their present woes,

But presently prevent the ways to wail.

To fear the foe, since fear oppresseth strength,

• Model. The word is, probably, here used for something formed or fashioned. The earth assumes the shape of the body which it covers. Douce seems to think it means only measure, portion, or quantity,-a modicum.

We copy a remark of Johnson upon this line, to show what criticism upon Shakspere used to be, even in the hands of one of the ablest of modern writers: "A metaphor, not of the most sublime kind, taken from a pie."

• Ghosts they have deposed. Ghosts of those whom they have deposed. This sort of ellipsis is very frequently used by our poet.