upon him for his direction, has it as really as a son has the counsel and direction of his father: and though the voice be not audible, nor disceraible by sense, yet it is equally as real as if a man heard a voice, saying, "This is the way, walk ye in it." Though this secret direction of Almighty God is principally seen in matters relating to the good of the soul, yet even in the concerns of this life a good man, fearing God and begging his direction, will very often, if not at all times, find it: Proverbs iii. 5, 6; Psalm xxxvii. 5. I can call my own experience to witness, that, even in the temporal affairs of my own life, I have never been disappointed of the best direction, when I have, in humility and sincerity, implored it. The observance of the secret admonition of this Spirit of God in the heart, is an effectual means to our holiness; and the more it is attended to, the more it will be conversant with our souls, for our instruction. In the midst of difficulties, it will be our counsellor; in the midst of temptations, it will be our strength, and grace sufficient for us; in the midst of troubles, it will be our light and our comforter. It is impossible for us to enjoy the presence of this good Spirit, till we are deeply sensible of our own emptiness and nothingness, and our minds are thereby brought down and laid in the dust. The Spirit of Christ is indeed a humbling spirit, the more we have of it, the more humble we shall be and it is a sign that either we have it not, or that it is yet overpowered by our corruptions, if our heart be still haughty. Attend, therefore, to the secret persuasions and dissuasions of the Spirit of God, and beware of quenching or grieving it. This wind that blows where it lists, if shut out or resisted, may never breathe upon us again, but leave us to be hardened in our sins. If observed and obeyed, it will, on all occasions, be our monitor and director. When we go out, it will lead us; when we sleep, it will keep us; and when we awake, it will talk with us. These are faithful, weighty, and true sayingshappy are those that witness them so to be. THE PHILOSOPHY OF LABOUR. In discussions on the philosophy of labour, it is not sufficiently kept in view that the increase of trade and manufactures tends, not directly, but only indirectly, to the increase of food. Whatever tends to augment the proportionate number of unproductive labourers in a community, or even those labourers who produce only superfluities, has, of course, a tendency to subdivide the consumable produce into increasing small portions. It would be impossible to point out the exact limits between productive and unproductive labour, and there is, perhaps, nothing but Christianity that would regulate them. It would also be rather odious to attempt to define who are and who are not producers, as there are few who are not so, in degree, at some time or other. Possibly, the only class who are not, are soldiers; they are large consumers and wasters of the productions of labour, and very rarely, if ever, producers. It has been justly observed, that Government can do but little, actively, in assisting the working and commercial classes; but that it might often do a great deal for them, by leaving them at full liberty to develope their own resources. While a country is continually progressing, either in agriculture, manufactures, or commerce, it will seldom feel much pressure, except from impolitic restrictions. In a commercial country, like England, unless there is a continually increasing trade, or a prevalence of prudential habits, that induce individuals to make provision in plentiful times for those of scarcity, it is evident that, when any stagnation occurs, from a change in fashion, or even a cessation of increase in trade equivalent to the increase of population, distress will be the inevitable consequence. A large proportion of those workmen who are able to get high wages, either work but a few days in the week, or, if they work the whole week, spend all their wages in the week, frequently beforehand, and often much of it in strong drink. In the manufacturing districts, there are numerous families who can earn more than many persons who live genteelly on a small property, or a little business or profession, and who pay rates and taxes, and contribute to various charitable institutions. And yet these operatives spend all their earnings on themselves; and when their supply is stopped, from any of those causes which constantly arise, they are immediately plunged into all the distresses of poverty, and become dependent on charity. There is, therefore, nothing of so great importance for the lecturer on the philosophy of labour to inculcate, and endeavour to impress upon the working classes, as the principle, that their chief dependence, under divine Providence, must be upon themselves, in their individual capacitythat times of depression and scarcity will inevitably occur and that, unless they are provident when they are in full work, and make some reserve for such times, neither governmental measures, nor higher wages, nor any regulations which their employers might make, can possibly furnish a remedy for their difficulties.-Universe. HAVERFORD SCHOOL. This Institution was opened on Fourth day, the 10th inst., for the admission of the sons of Friends, and of those professing with them, who desire their children to be educated in conformity with their religious principles and testimonies. In consequence of the late period at which the arrangements for the resumption of the school were made and the brief notice given to those who designed, entering students, the Managers have decided to admit suitable applicants at any time during the present Summer Term-it being understood that | France in defence of Polish nationality. The the rule which limits admission to the commencement of the terms will afterwards be enforced. Applications for admission may be addressed to Lindley M. Moore, Principal, West Haverford P.O. Delaware Co., Pa.; or to the Secretary of the Board of Managers, No. 39 High St., Philadelphia. Letters for the students will be directed to the post office above mentioned. 5th mo., 1848.-tf., THE DIVINITY OF CHRIST. As much when in the manger laid, As when the six day's work he made, That gracious sound well pleased he hears, A cheerful confidence I feel, My well-plac'd hopes with joy I see: SUMMARY OF NEWS. commander of the guard at the Assembly, who was evidently in the plot, had previously ordered his men to take off their bayonets. Seeing this, the populace broke into the Chamber, filled the galleries, and mingled with the members in the hall; their leaders occupied the tribune, and the greatest confusion prevailed. The people demanded that the Assembly should extend an invi tation to the Northern Powers to re-establish Poland, and that if this were rejected, a French army should be immediately marched into the country. They also demanded that Louis Blanc should be named Minister of Labour, and one of their speakers proclaimed, amidst tremendous applause, that an extraordinary contribution of one thousand millions of francs should be levied on the rich for the benefit of the labouring classes. The members of the Assembly were not permitted to speak. As they, nevertheless, showed no disposition to comply with the demands which were made upon them, a speaker mounted the tribune, and proclaimed the National Assembly dissolved. A new Provisional Government, consisting of the most violent radicals, was then appointed by the multitude. In the mean time, the drums of the National Guard beat to arms, and the populace were displaced from the Chamber without bloodshed. They then marched to the Hotel de Ville, to appoint a committee of public safety; but here most of their leaders were seized, and the insurrection was finally put down, with very little bloodshed. The National Assembly had resumed its sittings, and great numbers of the rioters were arrested. The army, the National Guard, and the great majority of the people, remained firm in their support of the Government. An insurrection took place in Madrid on the 7th, which was put down after a bloody conflict. Ac counts from Lombardy are favourable to the Sar dinians. A battle had taken place before Verona, CONGRESS.-The Senate has had the Oregon Ter-in which the field works of the Austrians were de ritorial bill under consideration. J. P. Hale offered an amendment, extending over Oregon the Ordinance of 1787, which prohibited slavery in the territory north-west of the Ohio. Considerable discussion has taken place on the amendment, but stroyed, and the Sardinian army advanced close to the walls of the city. The siege of Peschiera had also been commenced. The accounts from Venice are rather contradictory, but it appears probable that the Austrian force advancing through that region to reinforce the army near Verona had also MEXICO.Advices from Mexico announce that met with reverses. It is difficult to give an intel on the 19th ult. the Treaty was ratified by theligible statement of the condition of affairs at Rome. Chamber of Deputies, by a vote of 51 to 35. Its It does not appear that the Pope has been actually ratification by the other branch of Congress was considered certain. no vote had been taken at the last accounts. deposed, but the new ministry seem to have the government very much in their own hands. Placenza had been joined to the Sardinian dominions, and the population of Lombardy were to vote on a proposition for the annexation of that country also to Sardinia. FRIENDS' BOOKS. The subscriber informs his friends in New England that he intends to have at Newport during the ensuing Yearly Meeting the following interesting works for sale: EUROPE. By the arrival of the steamers United States and Niagara, dates to the 20th ult. have been received. Cotton had again declined. Breadstuffs were firm. In Ireland the chief objects of interest were the Government prosecutions of the popular leaders whose arrest we have already noticed. The trials of O'Brien and Meagher, charged with sedition, had taken place. In both cases the jury were unable to agree, and were discharged. The accused were escorted to and from the court room by large crowds of friends. MitLife and Correspondence of William Allen; Life and chell, the remaining prisoner, was to be tried under Correspondence of Elizabeth Fry; Life and Corres the new crown and government security bill, being Poetry; Gurney's Hymns; Guide to True Peace; pondence of Maria Fox; Selections of Religious the first prosecution under that act. An effort was Brief Memoir of James Parnell; Brief Memoir of Wilmade in Paris on the 15th ult. to overthrow the liam Bush; Sumner's Oration on the True Grandeur of Government. It appears that on that day a large Nations; Visit to my Fatherland, by Ridley N. procession assembled and marched to the National Herschell; Patience in Tribulation, a very interesting Assembly, their ostensible design being to make a Memoir. demonstration in favour of the interference of HENRY LONGSTRETH. FRIENDS' REVIEW. VOL. I. A RELIGIOUS, LITERARY AND MISCELLANEOUS JOURNAL. PHILADELPHIA, SIXTH MONTH 17, 184S. These English Friends, after an absence from the city, returned to attend the Yearly Meeting; and being at the house of Catharine Kallender, in Front street, nearly opposite the end of the alley in which Rebecca lived, they expressed a desire to have her company, and C. Kallender's daughter Hannah, who had been Mary Jones' pupil, (and intimate with Rebecca until she withdrew from all companionship,) was sent to invite her. Hannah walked backward and forward across the end of the alley, occasionally beckoning to Rebecca, who sat by the window. R. J. at length asked her mother's permission to join her young friend, which was rather ungraciously given. Hannah then told her that the English Friends wished her to take tea with them. She was now in a strait, whether to avail herself of the liberty already given, or to risk a refusal from her mother. But, feeling best satisfied to act in deference to parental authority, she asked leave to take tea at their neighbour's. Rebecca was emaciated from the trials and conflicts through which it had been her lot to pass, being, to quote her own touching description already given, "stricken of God and afflicted:" and her mother, who possibly already began to relent, gave permission. She went, but, considering herself unworthy and insignificant, she felt as though it were intrusive to place herself in the company of such worthies. She was, however, well repaid by the comfort and consolation which she derived from those dear friends, with whom she had not before spoken. It is not known that she ever related the above circumstances more than once, when with much feeling, in the latter part of her life,* she communicated •This remark also extends to a part of our last number. No. 39. them to one who had for many years been to her as a daughter, saying that she could not write a full account of her earlier days without speaking of her mother as a child ought not to speak of a parent. Many years, however, having now elapsed, and the reasons for privacy being lessened by time, it is believed that a condensed statement of these facts, in connection with some selections from her notes and correspondence, may tend to the comfort and edification of some sincere minds, and that in this view they ought not longer to be suppressed. The difficulty with her parent did not entirely cease, till, in 1760, the church had acknowledged her gift in the ministry of the Word: when a committee of two men and two women was appointed to acquaint her with the conclusion to which her friends had come. These Friends hesitated about going to Rebecca's residence, and thought of communicating with her by letter:but solidly considering the subject, they were most easy to go in person, and share with her whatever was to be borne on the occasion. The interview was in the presence of Mary Jones, and, after a time of social intercourse, a season of silence ensued, in which the object of the visit was stated. After their departure, her mother said to her-"Your friends have done all that they can for you they have placed you upon the pinnacle; now take heed to your steps, for if you fall, great indeed will be the fall." "From this time they lived harmoniously; her mother became reconciled to her being a Friend, and her natural disposition seemed softened. The school increased, and afforded them a comfortable maintenance; and, after the decease of her mother, she entered into the business of teaching more extensively, in connection with Hannah Cathrall, the latter attending to the sewing department in a separate room. It might be laid down as an axiom, that none but a philanthropist is fit for the office of a teacher. Its responsibilities would be poorly wielded by him who should perform the task solely as a mode of acquiring the means of subsistence. R. J. had remarkable qualifications for imparting knowledge, for training the youthful mind, developing its powers, alluring it into the paths of true pleasantness and peace, and superintending the progress of a religious, guarded education." Having, as we have seen 6. 5th. Never tell a lie knowingly, nor use the name of God irreverently, or in vain; mock not the aged, blind, lame, deformed, idiots. Play not in the streets, or ever for gain; throw no sticks, stones, dirt, snow-balls, or anything at any person; revile none, utter no indecent expression, and return no affront to any you may meet with, but according to the best of your knowledge, demean yourselves in a modest, civil, complaisant manner to all. in the commencement of her career, made cove- | exemplary deportment how all ought to benant by sacrifice, she was not likely to be guided have. in her vocation by mercenary motives; on the contrary, she performed the service with good will and in singleness of heart, "as to the Lord and not to men." She was moreover possessed of a commanding dignity, and a facility for enforcing salutary discipline, which enabled her to illustrate the Apostle's injunction to Timothy, "let no man despise thee." Thus she was eminently successful as a preceptor, obtaining a hold not only upon the affections and respect of her pupils, but also upon the confidence of their parents; so that she was often applied to by some of these to aid them, with advice in important movements in life, in framing their wills, and in various ways. In such cases, though diffident of her own powers, she was a kind, ready and wise counsellor. The following rules for the observance of her pupils in school and elsewhere, were conspicuously placed in R. J.'s school room; and whilst they may fail to interest some readers who have not been similarly engaged, they will probably commend themselves to a sufficient number to warrant their introduction. The mind of the candid reader will be carried back to the time in which they were written; and whilst it would be unreasonable to expect to see them, in every respect, such as would now be framed, it will be well, in judging of them, to reflect what dignified characters were trained under their strict ad ministration. Rules of conduct for girls at school, &c. 1st. Never absent yourselves from school, unless good reasons can be assigned, to the satisfaction of mistress. your 6th. Let your language be the plain language, and spoken with propriety everywhere. 7th. Be not forward to divulge anything past in school, nor jeer those who have been corrected, lest it should happen to be your own case. At Home. 8th. Before you rise from your beds, observe to offer a mental petition to Divine Providence for protection from evil and danger the following day, not omitting at the same time a grateful acknowledgment for the benefit of your rest: observe also the same reverence at lying down, returning humble thanks for preservation through the various incidents of the day. 9th. Observe to use a cheerful and ready compliance to all your parents' commands, with becoming resignation to their will-never addressing or approaching them without honour and respect; neither be loud in voice or laughter in their company, or before any of your superiors, nor forward to talk in their presence; yet always returning ready and modest answers to their questions: never intrude yourselves upon them when alone, or with company; if you are necessitated to speak with them, appear with good manners, and be sure to whisper, and withdraw unless desired to stay. 2d. Be always silent at your business, so that your voices shall not be heard, unless when you are saying your lessons, or speaking to your mistress; hold no discourse with your school10th. Make all your addresses to your mates during the hours of business, without brothers and sisters with humility and good manyour mistress's permission, unless to ask some-ners, using the word PLEASE, &c.; and in like thing relating to your learning, which must be manner to the meanest servant, that your done in a low voice. good example may induce them so to behave to you. 3d. Make all your speeches to your mistress with due respect, observing cheerfully to perform her directions with dispatch, according to your ability. If a stranger should speak to you, give a modest and ready answer, standing up and turning your faces towards them respectfully, taking your seats again, and silently apply to your business. If you are necessarily where the servants are, give no ear to their jesting or idle talk, much less join with them, but always choose the company of such whose conversation is most improving in the best things. At Table. 4th. Behave yourselves always in an humble, 11th. Be not forward to sit down at table obliging manner to your schoolmates, never pro- before the rest have taken their places, especially voking one another, contending or complaining your elders or superiors; when seated, be not about frivolous matters, but courteously use the eager to fall to your victuals like the brute aniword please, or some soft and obliging ex-mals, but first observe a solemn retirement of pression, when you ask anything one of the other; and observe to make some grateful return for any little kindness received, never returning injuries, but learning to forgive, showing by an mind to the Supreme Giver of them. Be not talkative or offer to carve, or ask for yourselves, but wait till you are served. Find no fault with your food, or its dressing; but sit upright and soberly with silent attention, ready to hearts, making you vessels of honour to his answer any questions that may be asked of you; praise. having eaten moderately, rise from table without friend, noise, moving away your seats; withdraw if strangers be present, unless desired to stay. At places for Worship. This is the sincere desire of your (To be continued.) For Friends' Review. 12th. When you attend meetings for Divine worship, observe to be present at the times appointed precisely, entering the place soberly and without noise in walking or otherwise, so as not to disturb the meditations of those that are met; when seated, make no disagreeable scraping or rubbing of your feet against the floor or seat, nor use any unbecoming gestures or motions with any part of your bodies to disturb or offend any person, by biting your nails, pinching your fingers, lolling, stretching, yawning, spitting, staring about, or by any other means, but sit attentively and erect in a decent composure of body and mind, secretly desiring to be favoured by our Heavenly Father with a proper disposition of mind to offer to him spiritual and ac-known that the language and conduct of maniacs ceptable worship, and to be enabled to practice are generally such as to excite abhorrence, when what good advice you may hear, giving diligent compared with the standard which we justly attention thereto, that your behaviour may not apply to the words and actions of uninjured inonly be grateful to that Divine Being that made tellects. We judge of the conduct of the maniac, you, but also well pleasing to your parents and as we are accustomed to do in relation to those friends; when the meeting breaks up, rise not in who are in the full possession of their moral and a hurry, nor be impatient to be gone, but rather religious susceptibilities. think it a favour to be admitted upon such OBSERVATIONS ON INSANITY AND CRIME. Among the physical evils to which our race is liable, there are no others so deplorable as the maladies of the mind; and yet it is probably true that those who are labouring under mental diseases, usually receive less sympathy from their friends and acquaintances than any other class of physical sufferers. For every effect there must be a cause; and if we search for the origin of the neglect and aversion with which, to a comparatively recent period, persons afflicted with insanity have been generally treated, we shall unquestionably find that one principal cause is the usual apparent perversity with which insanity is accompanied. It is well solemn occasions to sit with your elder Friends, respectfully noticing them as you pass along, showing no haste to leave their company. R. J. TO B. S. AND S. SANSOM. Philadelphia, 8th mo. 10th, 1759. RESPECTED FRIENDS,-It has been upon my mind ever since I heard of your intentions for England, in a great deal of good will, with desires for your welfare every way, to communicate in a few lines what I think quite necessary to observe. I have remarked some young men on their return from abroad, seem, as it were, swallowed up with the prospect of those transient, glaring views, which may have been presented to their minds relating to visibles: which disposition I would have you guard against, and bear in mind that you are of the youth of Philadelphia, many of whom are greatly beloved by their Maker as well as Friends. I wish that you may not only gain experience in worldly things, but that you may know the Stay of youth and the Staff of old age near your spirit in all company and places, whereby you may witness experimentally a growth in grace aud in the saving knowledge of God our Saviour, and may adorn our holy profession by a circumspect, steady conduct, not only amongst the faithful, but amongst whomsoever your lots may be cast; and may know the Reprover, Refiner, Sanctifier and Comforter, (which is no other than the Spirit of Christ,) to operate effectually in your The term by which insane patients were formerly designated, is very expressive of the aversion with which they were regarded. They were termed demoniacs, and appear to have been frequently permitted to run at large, to the manifest danger of others, and serious injury of themselves. Even the Babylonish monarch, when he lost the use of his reason, was driven from the habitations of men, compelled to pick his subsistence from the herbage of the field, and exposed to the vicissitudes of the season, till his hairs were grown like eagles' feathers, and his nails like birds' claws. The pious reader will no doubt reflect that this was a judgment divinely brought upon Nebuchadnezzar for his tyranny and pride; yet it is evident it was effected by depriving him, for a time, of the human understanding, and reducing his intellect to a level with that of the brute creation. The narrative also illustrates the manners and opinions of the age and nation. In the estimates that may be formed of the nature and operation of mental diseases, it is not surprising that great diversity of sentiment should arise. The action of the intellect is of so intricate a character, even in its most healthy condition, as to be necessarily but imperfectly understood. As the intellect is not cognizable by any of the senses, and is perceived only by the actions to which it gives rise-as mental disorder is frequently experienced where bodily disease is not visible to the common observer, we are naturally inclined to consider insanity, in |