does it have on him? 7. How does he appear? 8. What is the reward of ambition?

To what does himself refer, first verse? To what its, third verse? My have name, praise, &c., last verse, the falling inflection?

LESSON LXXXIX.

SPELL AND DEFINE.-1. Degeneracy, state of growing worse; a decline. 2. Chicanery, (shi cane'ry,) mean, under-handed trick. 3. Vulgar, common; pertaining to the common people. 4. Venal, that may be bought; mercenary. 5. Unanimous, of one mind. 6. Democracy, government by the people; those favoring such a government. 7. Unsullied, not disgraced. 8. Refuted, proved false. 9. Spontaneous, acting of its own accord; voluntary, 10. Conflagration, literally, a great fire. 11. Empire, imperial power.

Character of Pitt.-ROBERTSON.

1. THE secretary stood alone. Modern degeneracy had not reached him. Original and unaccommodating, the features of his character had the hardihood of antiquity. His august mind over-awed majesty, and one of his sovereigns thought royalty so impaired in his presence, that he conspired to remove him, in order to be relieved from his superiority. No state chicanery, no narrow system of vicious politics, no idle contest for ministerial victories, sunk him to the vulgar level of the great; but over-bearing, persuasive, and impracticable, his object was England, his ambition was fame.

2. Without dividing, he destroyed party; without corrupting, he made a venal age unanimous. France sunk beneath him. With one hand he smote the house of Bourbon, and wielded in the other the democracy of England. The sight of his mind was infinite; and his schemes were to effect, not England, not the present age only, but Europe and posterity. Wonderful were the means by which these schemes were accomplished; always reasonable, always adequate, the suggestions of an understanding animated by ardor, and enlightened by prophecy.

3. The ordinary feelings which make life amiable and indolent were unknown to him. No domestic difficulties, no domestic weakness reached him; but aloof from the sordid occurrences of life, and unsullied by its intercourse, he came occasionally into our system, to counsel and to decide. A character so exalted, so strenuous, so various, so authoritativa astonished a corrupt age, and the treasury trembled

the name of Pitt through all her classes of venality. Co ruption imagined, indeed, that she had found defects in thi statesman, and talked much of the inconsistency of his glory and much of the ruin of his victories; but the history of his country and the calamities of the enemy, answered and refuted her.

4. Nor were his political abilities his only talents: his eloquence in the senate, was peculiar and spontaneous, familiarly expressing gigantic sentiments and instinctive wisdom, not like the torrent of Demosthenes, or the splendid conflagration of Tully, it resembled sometimes the thunder, and sometimes the music of the spheres. Like Murray, he did not conduct the understanding through the painful subtility of argumentation; nor was he, like Townsend, for ever on the rack of exertion; but rather lightened upon the subject, and reached the point by the flashings of the mind, which, like those of his eye, were felt, but could not be followed.

5. Upon the whole, there was in this man something that would create, subvert, or reform; an understanding, a spirit, and an eloquence, to summon mankind to society, or to break the bonds of slavery asunder, and to rule the wilderness of free minds with unbounded authority; something that could establish or overwhelm empire, and strike a blow in the world that should resound through the universe.

QUESTIONS.-1. Who is 'the secretary,' mentioned in the first line? 2. At what time did Pitt live? 3. What was his character? 4. What did he accomplish, second verse? 5. What was the character of his eloquence? 6. To what does the pronoun her relate, last word, third verse?

LESSON XC.

SPELL AND DEFINE.-1. Transmitted, sent. 2. Thu cyd'i des, a celebrated Greek historian. 3. Obvious, plain to be seen. 4. Concession, the act of yielding. 5. Dignity, elevation of mind. 6. Parliament, the British legislature. 7. Demonstration, the act of showing in a clear manner. 8. Deter, to keep back. 9. Vigilant, watchful. 10. Alienate, to make hostile; to withdraw the affections.

Extract of Mr. Pitt's Speech in Parliament in praise of the Congress at Philadelphia.

1. WHEN your lordships look at the papers transmitted to us from America; when you consider their derency, firm

ness, and wisdom, you can not but respect their cause, and wish to make it your own. For myself I must declare and avow, that in all my reading and observation, (and it has been my favorite study, I have read Thucydides, and have studied and admired the master states of the world,) I I say must declare, that, for solidity of reasoning, force of sagacity, and wisdom of conclusion, under such a complication of difficult circumstances, no nation, or body of men, can stand in preference to the general Congress of Philadelphia.

2. I trust it is obvious to your lordships, that all attempts to impose servitude upon such men, to establish despotism over such a mighty continental nation, must be vain—must be fatal. We shall be forced, ultimately, to retract; let us retract while we can, not when we múst. I say we must necessarily undo these violent, oppressive acts. They MUST be repealed. You WILL repeal them. I pledge myself for it, that you will in the end repeal them. I stake my reputation on it. I will consent to be taken for an idiot, if they are not finally repealed.

3. Avoid, then, this humiliating, disgraceful necessity. With a dignity becoming your exalted situation, make the first advances to concord, to peace and happiness: for it is your true dignity to act with prudence and justice. That you should first concede, is obvious from sound and rational policy. Concession comes with better grace and more salutary effects from superior power; it reconciles superiority of power with the feelings of men; and establishes solid confidence on the foundations of affection and gratitude.

4. Every motive. therefore, of justice and of policy, of dignity and of prudence, urges you to allay the ferment in America, by a removal of your troops from Boston; by a repeal of your acts of parliament; and by demonstration of amicable dispositions towards your colonies.

For

On the other hand, every danger and every hazard impend, to deter you from perseverance in your present ruinous measures. eign war hanging over your heads by a slight and brittle thread; France and Spain watching your conduct, and waiting for the maturity of your errors, with a vigilant eye to America and the temper of your colonies, more than to their own concerns, be they what they may.

5. To conclude my lords; if the ministers thus persevere in misadvising and misleading the king, I will not say that they can alienate the affections of his subjects from his

crown; but I will affirm, that they will make the crown not worth his wearing: I will not say that the king is betrayed; but I will pronounce, that the kingdom is undone.

QUESTIONS.-1. What opinion had Mr. Pitt of the Congress at Phila delphia? 2. What did he say parliament would be forced to do? 3. What did he say would be the consequence of refusing?

What is the cause of the reversion of the inflections from their ordinary position on can and must, second verse? (Les. VIII. Note III.)

LESSON XCI.

SPELL AND DEFINE.-1. Cannibals, men who eat human flesh. 2. Barbarously, in a cruel, inhuman manner. 3. Aggressors, those who first attack, or who commence a quarrel. 4. Venison, the flesh of wild animals, particularly of deer. 5. Desperation, a giving up of hope; a despairing. 6. Colony, a body of people settled in a foreign country, but governed by the laws of the country whence they came.

Charles II. and William Penn.-WEEMS.

Charles. WELL, friend William! I have sold you a noble province in North America; but still I suppose you have no thoughts of going thither yourself.

Penn. Yes I have, I assure thee, friend Charles, and I am just come to bid thee farewell.

C. What! venture yourself among the savages of North América! Why, man, what security have you that you will not be in their war-kettle in two hours after setting foot on their shòres?

P. The best security in the world.

C. I doubt that, friend William; I have no idea of any security against those cannibals, but in a regiment of good soldiers, with their muskets and bayonets. And mind I tell you beforehand, that, with all my good will for you and your family, to whom I am under obligations, I will not send a single soldier with you.

P. I want none of thy soldiers, Charles; I depend on something better than thy soldiers.

C. Ah! and what may that be?

P. Why, I depe d upon themselves-on the workings of their own hearts-on their notions of justice-on their moral sense.

C. A fine thing, this same moral sense, no doubt; but I fear you will not find much of it among the Indians of North America.

P. And why not among them, as well as others? C. Because, if they had possessed any, they would not have treated my subjects so barbarously as they have done.

P. That is no proof to the contrary, friend Charles. Thy subjects were the aggressors. When thy subjects first went to North America, they found these poor people the fondest and kindest creatures in the world. Every day they would watch for them to come ashore, and hasten to meet them, and feast them on the best fish, and venison, and corn, which was all that they had. In return for this hospitality of the savages, as we call them, thy subjects seized on their country and rich hunting grounds, for farms for themselves! Now is it to be wondered at, that these much injured people should have been driven to desperation by such injustice; and that, burning with revenge, they should have committed

Fome excesses?

C. Well, then, I hope you will not complain when they come to treat you in the same manner.

P. I am not afraid of it.

C. Aye! How will you avoid it? You mean to get their hunting grounds too, I suppose?

P. Yes, but not by driving these poor people away from them.

C. No, indeed! How then will you get the lands?
P. I mean to buy their lands of them.

C. Buy their lands of them! Why, man, you have already bought them of me.

P. Yes, I know I have, and at a dear rate too; but I did it only to get thy good will, not that I thought thou hadst any right to their lands.

C. What!--no right to their lands!

P. No, friend Charles, no right at all: what right hast thou to their lands?

C. Why, the right of discovery, to be sure; the right which the pope and all Christian kings have agreed to give one another.

P. The right of discovery! A strange kind of right, indeed! Now suppose, friend Charles, that some canoe loads of these Indians, crossing the sea, and discovering thy island of Great Britain, were to claim it as their own, and set it up for sale over thy head,-what wouldst thou think of it? C. Why-why-why-I must confess, I should think it a piece of great impudence in them.