in the service of those that are settled at the Institution. There are two things which at present operate against any very considerable population being assembled at a mission village: 1st, the nature of their feudal customs and rela tionships; and 2dly, their love of cattle, and decided predilection for grazing pursuits, inducing them to live a partially wandering life, not much unlike that of the graziers and herdsmen of patriarchal times, as described in the Book of Genesis.". Congo, and Kama, are very seldom absent from divine worship. The last-named is particularly inquisitive, very docile, and tells me he often prays to the Great God, that he may be guided into the truth. We have great hope of this young man, and should he be truly converted to God, he will, no doubt, be a very useful auxiliary to us. Of his wife we have also great hope; she is a daughter of Gaika." "The obstacles' with which we have to contend in this mission, arising from the extreme ignorance and wickedness of the people, are neither few nor small. In England, books are frequently published in defence of what is very falsely called the religion of nature, as opposed to the religion of the Bible. I wish the authors of these speculations enjoyed the benefit of merely a 4 months' residence in Caffreland; it would give them a melancholy opportunity of beholding the folly and wretchedness of man, unblessed with the light of revelation. They would behold in the Caffres-those 'simple children of nature,' 'who daily appear in public, without shame, in a state of complete nudity, and who profess no religion but that of nature-an exhibition of all the grosser vices. Here are liars, thieves, adulterers, murderers, &c., in appalling numbers; and not a few who will even justify such things against the contending missionary, and that without blush or shame." Public Worship.-"The attend ance at public worship has been, on the whole, very encouraging during the past year; the congre gations on Sabbath days have fluc tuated between 80 and 200 persons, whose decorous behaviour at divine service is very remarkable, considering that, with most of a them, the worship of Almighty God was but recently a new thing. It is a gratifying circumstance, that tea we usually have a number of na tives not belonging to the Institu tion at public worship; as, by this means, we hope that the influence of Christianity will silently, yet widely, extend itself. The scat tered manner in which the natives live along the banks of the various streamlets that water the country, induces us occasionally to itinerate among the neighbouring kraals, for the purpose of preaching the Gospel; we are generally heard with attention, and sometimes find the natives inquisitive as to the great truths revealed in the Scriptures; at one place (only about 2 m. from the mission premises) we have always had a congrega-e instruc tion averaging 100 souls. Itine rant labours must always form a In 1826, Mr. Shaw says, "The population continues much the same as that reported to. be residing on the station last year; viz. about 150 souls. Besides these, seb selling to re The bran thi means of raisi • schoo am th I am for in and such indispen ent, I b there is a considerable number of very necessary and important part man (L natives, who occasionally reside here for several months at a time, and who are either employed in the public works of the station, or of missionary work in Caffreland. "The Society was formed about a year ago. At the time the numbers were reported to our district of that and WE nstitution meeting, it consisted of 5 members, mber the last CAF sent him to Theopolis, where there is a good school of Hottentot children, managed after the British system, in order that he might make himself acquainted with that method of teaching." Cultivation.-"There are about 30 acres of ground in cultivation on this institution, and belonging to its inhabitants; they have just reaped an abundant harvest of maize, and Guinea or Caffre corn. We prevailed on a few of them last season to try the plough; and the crops on the ploughed lands have yielded so much better than those cultivated in the native manner, that an impression favourable to the plough appears to have been made." Buildings." We have erected 2 additional cottages on account of the mission; one is used as a workshop, and the other affords storeroom, &c. Last year I reported that one of the natives had built himself a house, after the manner of the colonists. I have now the satisfaction to state, that 6 more of our people have followed his example, and built themselves very strong and comfortable wattled cottages; so that the village now consists of 14 houses, including the school-house, which, as before stated, is also used as a place of worship. The remainder of our people still live in their native buts, but the greater part of them intend building decent cottages. The School." The number of scholars in our school is 56: seveberal of these have passed over the first difficulties, and will shortly be able to read with ease. Our best of scholar is Yingana, a young chief of this tribe, and brother to Pato; he can read with fluency any part of the Spelling-book published at Chumie. A select number of the girls are taught to sew, and make much improvement therein; they are all taught to read the Caffre The language; but such as pass through the spelling-book will be also taught to read the English language. The school is a very important branch of the work of a station in this country; it is only by its means that we can indulge a hope of raising up native interpreters, schoolmasters, and preach-effort to effect this, is, to them, a ers: I am therefore greatly con- great one; but as we think it of cerned for its welfare and effi- much importance, we stimulate ciency; and being myself unable and encourage their exertions of to devote such a portion of my time this kind as much as possible. With to the instruction of the scholars, better and more convenient habitaas is indispensable for their im- tions, a desire has arisen among the provement, I have engaged a pious people for clothing, and other useyoung man (D. Roberts, son of a ful articles of civilized life." settler of that name) as schoolmaster; he was trained up as a scholar, and was afterwards a teacher, in our school at Salem. I The Another station has been commenced by the Rev. Mr. Kay, to which he has given the name of Coke's Mount; and Mr. Shrewsbury, in a letter, dated Sept. 1, 1826, left bank of the Hoogly, or western arm of the Ganges, 100 m. from its mouth, and extends from the W. point of Fort William, up the river, about 6 m.; the breadth, in many parts, is inconsiderable. Ge one Indian city is a description of all; being all built on one plan, with very narrow and crooked streets, interspersed with numerous reservoirs, ponds, and gardens. A few of the streets are paved with brick. The houses are variously built; some with brick, others with mud, and a greater proportion with bamboos and mats: these different kinds of fabrics, intermixed with each other, form a motley appearance. Those of the latter kinds are invariably of one story, and covered with thatch; those of brick seldom exceed two t floors, and have flat terraced roofs; but these are so thinly scattered, that fires, which often happen, do not, sometimes, meet with the obde struction of a brick house through the whole street. But Calcutta is, in part, an exception to this rule of building; for the quarter inha "Having corresponded with my brethren, preparatory measures have been taken for commencing a third missionary circuit in Caffreland.nerally speaking, the description of It is proposed that my residence be with Hintza, who is the principal chief of Caffraria, and who is disposed to give a friendly reception to a messenger of peace. I shall be about 90 m. in the interior beyond Wesleyville and Mount Coke; the relative situation of the 3 stations forming a kind of triangle. The population is large, but scattered; even those who belong to the same tribe, or clan, do not reside together; but, being subdivided again into families, it is seldom that more than 6 or 8 houses, or huts, are found in one spot. It is probable, however, that they will unite together more closely when missionaries dwell among them. Something of this kind is now taking place at Mount Coke, for Brother Kay's people are increasing daily. The Caffre mission is certainly one of great promise. Fruit, as well as blossoms, already begin to ap-bited by the English is composed pear at Wesleyville; and, of Bro- entirely of brick buildings, many ther William Shaw, it may be said, of which have the appearance that he lives for the Caffres. His palaces. The population has whole heart is in the mission, and been variously estimated between t his mind is bent on one object as 500,000 and 1,000,000; but it has the fo the principal end of his life-the been recently ascertained, by anh b promotion of their temporal, and accurate enumeration, that the re-dat spirituul, and eternal good. sidents amount only to 179,917; viz. 13,138 nominal Christians; & 48,162 Mahomedans; 118,203, in Hindoos; and 414 Chinese: beside to these, it is estimated that about 100,000 daily enter and departined i from the city. The number of arche - CALCUTTA, a city of Hin-premises inhabited is 67,519,-of doostan, the emporium of Bengal, which 5430 are the seat of the supreme govern- houses, 8800 lower-roomed houses, ment of British India, and the See 15,792 tiled huts, and 37,497 straw of a Bishop, with a citadel called huts. Fort William. It is situated on the "Brother Kay, also, has reason to believe that two of the Caffres attending on his ministry at Mount Coke are awakened, and beginning to inquire earnestly after God our Saviour." of upper-roomed The city is said to be decreasing 120 kn socie pendid ence in In 1800 3 was Wellesley 05 200 other! as both in wealth and population. In departments of government, into 1802, the population, including a the languages of the country, and tends in circuit of 20 m., was estimated at also to promote the translation of illiam 2,225,000. Unlimited toleration the Scriptures into those languages. the tris granted to all forms of religion. Early in 1801, Dr. Carey was considerab There are three churches of the nected with the institution dest establishment of the mother coun- teacher of Bengalee and Sungdes try, one of which the cathedral. skrita, with the design of rendering There are also a Scotch, a Portu- it the centre of all the translations alguese, a Greek, and an Armenian of Eastern Asia; and to facilitate church, several mosques, many these purposes, in less than 5 and Hindoo temples, and a Mahomedan years, about 100 learned men, from college. The government-house different parts of India, Persia, and a most superb edifice; here are Arabia, were attached to it; the likewise a court of justice, a town- translations of the Scriptures in 7 house, a custom-house, and a bank. different languages were in a proIn 1756, Calcutta was taken by gressive state, and portions were the soubah of Bengal, who forced printed in several. About the close the feeble garrison of the old fort, of this period, the college conto the amount of 146 persons, into tinued to afford important aid to a small prison called the Black this benevolent work, yet the care Hole, out of which only 23 came of the translations devolved prinalive the next morning. It was cipally upon the Baptist missionare-taken the next year; the vic-ries at Serampore. tory of Plassey followed; and the inhuman soubah was deposed, and founded. put to death by his successor. Im-markable as being the first which mediately after this victory, the has been projected, superintended, erection of the present Fort Wil- and supported, by the natives, for liam commenced, which is supethe instruction of their sons in the rior in regularity and strength to English and Indian languages, and any fort in India, is supposed to in the literature and science of have cost about £2,000,000 ster- Europe and Asia. ling, and is capable of containing 15,000 men. No ship can pass without being exposed to the fire of the fort, nor can an enemy approach by land without being discerned at the distance of 10 or 12 miles. baye er In 1816, a Hindoo college was The supreme government has resolved to establish and liberally endow another Hindoo college here, to encourage the study of the Sungskrita, and, through the medium of that language, of general literature. It is to be placed under the superintendence of a committee of European gentlemen. Sir William Jones instituted here, in 1784, the Asiatic S., designed to concentrate all the va- A large sum having been placed by luable knowledge, which might be the Society for Propagating the Gosobtained in India. The "Asiatic pel in Foreign Parts at the disposal Researches" are the productions of of the Rev. Dr. Middleton, while this society, forming a noble and bishop of Calcutta, he established splendid monument of British Bishop's College. The objects of science in a distant country. this institution are ;-1. To prepare In 1800, the College at Fort Wil-native and other Christian youths liam was founded by the Marquis to become preachers, catechists, Wellesley, to initiate the English and schoolmasters; 2. To teach youth, who were to fill the different the elements of useful knowledge Asia and the world, and the talents and distinguished learning of the professors will make themselves known, we will not say from the Indus to the Ganges, but, as appearances now indicate, from Jeru salem to the farthest limits to which British arms, or commerce, or enterprise, have made the East accessible to us." and the English language to Mussulmen and Hindoos; 3. To translate the Scriptures, the Liturgy, and tracts; 4. To receive English missionaries, sent out by the society, on their first arrival in India. The supreme government was induced, in consequence of the late Bishop Heber's known wishes on the subject, to make a large and extremely important addition to the land already granted to the college. The Society for the Propagation of the Gospel it is understood, has given instructions for the immediate completion of the buildings according to their original plan, and proposes to enlarge them with as little delay as possible, to an extent which will admit of the reception of 40 students. The Rev. John Zack Kiernander, from the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, in 1766, was the honoured instrument of establishing the first Protestant mission in Bengal. After labouring many years at Cuddalore, he came to Calcutta, in 1766; where he erected a place of worship, and formed a church, which was the only Protestant one in Bengal for about 30 years. About 1773, the comin municants were 173, of whom 104 were natives. In the two succeeding years 39 were added, mostly Hindoos. Amidst numerous discouragements, he continued to witness many precious fruits of his labours, till 1787; when Mr. Grant purchased the house for 5500 dollars, called it the Missionary Church, and devoted it to its original design. About this time, the Rev. David Brown, some years first chaplain of the Presidency and provost of the college at Fort William, among other zealous efforts for the promotion of Christianity in India, devoted much of his time to the spiritual good of this flock, till about 1811; when the Rev. T. T Thomason took the charge, and continued to preach for many years in the mission church, to a large and respectable congregation which raised a fund for his support. The Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge has increased the number of scholarships founded by it to 7; and various amendments, originally suggested by Bishop Heber, have been introduced by the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel into the statutes, from which it is expected that the funds and general usefulness of the institution will reap material advantage. As a residence for missionaries on their first arrival in India—as a seminary for native preachers and catechistsand as a source of accurate translations of the Scriptures and the Liturgy into the Eastern languages, the college is now in effectual operation. The attention of the public, both in this country and in India, more especially of that part of it which is employed in promoting Christian knowledge according to the principles of the Church of England, is steadily directed to this quarter; and there appears every reason to believe, that the day is not far distant, when, in the glowing language of its late visitor, "The college will present a spectacle illustrious to aries clages, shade, Belter. About 1815, the society renewed its labours in the establishment of English and Bengalee schools, and the circulation of the Scriptures and tracts, under a diocesan committee at Calcutta, who appointed district committees in different Se effec er such |