OCCUPATIONS,

In which the Patients were engaged at the time of admission, of course as servants to others, tradesmen not being eligible to the charity.

Housewives, 97; domestic servants, 67; sempstresses, 23; shoemakers, 22; carpenters, 20; tailors, 18; porters, 12: clerks, 10; laundresses, 8; gardeners, 7; painters, 8; cabinetmakers, 9; butchers, 7; labourers, 7; brassfounders, 8; smiths, 7; nurses, 5; printers, 5; grocers, 5; millwrights, 4; bricklayers, 5; hat-trimmers, 5; bookbinders, 4; druggists' assistants, 3; goldsmiths, 3; watermen, 6; harnessmakers, 3; coachmen, 3; chandlers, 2; bakers, 2; drapers, 2; shopwomen, 2; policemen, 2; lightermen, 2 ; French-polishers, 2; lodging - housekeepers, 2; turners, 2; sawyers, 2; framemakers, 2; booksellers, 2; basketmakers, 2; furriers, 2; brushmakers, 2; chairmakers, 2; brewers, 2; artists, 2; weavers, 2; hatters, 2.--Total, 312.

At least sixty more different trades and occupations contributed one or more patients, and the remainder consisted of children and adults without occupation.

The foregoing Table makes it evident that no class of persons is exempt from deafness; and further, that all are alike equally liable to its attack.

The nature of the occupation has apparently little to do with it. All persons are equally susceptible, provided they are subjected to the usual exciting causes of the disease, such as exposure to cold or damp, sudden transitions from heat to cold, neglect of changing wet clothes, sitting or sleeping in damp or ill-ventilated rooms, or in a draught, improper diet, intemperance or excess of any kind, sedentary occupations, mercurial medicines, &c. &c.

Six Lectures to Working Men on Christianity. By
the Rev. G. W. CONDER, of Leeds.
B. L.
Green.

MANY of our readers are already aware of the Lectures delivered by Mr. Conder, of Leeds, to Working Men, and of the great success which attended the experiment. The idea was clearly a good one, well conceived, and well executed, presenting an example worthy of extensive imitation. Would that the mass of Working Men of these realms, could be induced to listen to such Lectures! And we think there can be little doubt that, to a large extent, they might, with proper management. The Lectures are well digested, clear, flowing, and eloquent, presenting a very superior style of popular address. The venerable Dr. Bennet, some twenty years ago, in delivering his Lectures on Infidelity, at which he finally extinguished that infidel madman, Robert Taylor, known as the "Devil's Chaplain," at the close of each Lecture intimated his preparedness to hear and answer objections; Taylor, flushed with some recent triumphs in the police-office, where he sought a laugh from the mob by putting curious questions to the chief-magistrate about the fate of the swine mentioned in the Gospel-by inquiring whether they drowned the evil spirits, or whether the evil spirits drowned them-assailed the learned Lecturer, little knowing that he was rushing upon his own destruction. We well remember the occasion, when many wise men probably thought he was acting rather indiscreetly, and exposing himself and the Gospel to

obloquy. But the Lecturer felt conscious of an ability to defend the truth against all comers, and as to what men might think of his prudence, he was wholly unconcerned. Many will well remember how speedily he crushed Taylor -even in the opinion of his own deluded disciples; one of the shrewdest of whom, as he was driven from his ground, cried out in the Assembly, "Bobby, the old gentleman is too much for you."

Acting on this principle, Mr. Conder, both at Leeds and Bradford, permitted opposition, at the close of each Lecture, and the result is such as only tended to advance the progress of truth. This, however, from the experiment that was made in London, is not an example for every one to follow, since it is easy to conceive of an excellent Lecturer, who is not suited to grapple on the spur of the occasion with bold, reckless, and practised infidel disputants. There are cases Mr Conder's is one of them, and we have many such-in which it may be beneficially, as well as safely, practised. Mr. Conder has well said, speaking of infidelity, looked at from a distance, and through the medium of our fears, it seems a devouring monster; but if you walk up to it, and make it open its mouth, you discern that it has no teeth, and can do little more than terrify by its roar." This is true, and it is well exemplified in the history of this volume, which entitles its Author to the cordial thanks of the Christian public. It deserves a most extended circulation, and it were much to be wished that some of the more wealthy men would enable the publisher to issue a fourpenny edition of it, that some half million might be hawked over the land and sold, while multitudes of benevolent Christians might give it in quarters where there would be no disposition to buy. We would almost commend this matter to Mr. Henderson, who has already earned for himself so good a degree in the churches, and so much merited praise for his noble conduct relative to Mr. James' Work on the Ministry, and some other publications.

Nineveh; its Rise and Ruin, as Illustrated by the Ancient Scriptures and Modern Discoveries. A Course of Lectures delivered at Claremont Chapel, London; with Additions and Supplementary Notes, by the Rev. JOHN BLACKBURN, Pastor. Partridge and Oakey.

THIS is a work of great merit and of the deepest interest. So far as we know, Mr. Blackburn has been the only English minister that has yet turned the great object of the Discoveries of Dr. Layard to advantage, the only man that has brought them to bear on the evidence of inspiration, and thus sought to turn them to the glory of God. Europe has been astounded by the discoveries of Leylard, accounts of which have been given in every European language. His work, also, has had a very extensive circulation, and has been diligently pondered both by believers and unbelievers, in the inspiration of the Old Testament Scriptures. It occurred to Mr. Blackburn-and the thought was a singularly happy one-that the facts of the book might be profitably exhibited to the eye of a popular assembly; and with this view, he betook himself to the preparation of a course of Lectures, to be delivered on successive Sunday evenings. With this view, he thoroughly pon

dered "Nineveh, and its Remains," and conducted his studies amid the marbles which have been deposited in the British Museum. Having thus collected his facts, and distributed them, and by meditation fired his genius with the magnitude and importance of the theme, he sketched out the plan of Six Lectures, in the early part of the present year; the interest they excited was very great, the ample edifice in which he ministers being crowded to excess on every occasion. At the close he was pressed to publish them; with that request he complied, and the result is the volume before us. The first Lecture is based on Isaiah xxiii. 7, and descants on the foundation of Nineveh, and the earlier notices of the old Assyrian monarchy. This is a valuable dissertation, which ali reflecting men will read with deep interest. Lecture II. deals with Nineveh in the days of the prophet Jonah, setting forth its sin and wickedness. In both these Lectures, Mr. Blackburn has largely drawn upon the literature of the subject, setting forth all the main facts which have come down to our times. Lecture III. brings forward the invasion of Nineveh by the Assyrians, and the captivity of the Ten Tribes, which also exhibits the essence of this important and interesting question; Dr. Buchanan, Grant, Robinson, and others, have largely contributed to illustrate fact, and to fortify conclusion. Lecture IV. sets forth the siege of Libnah by the Assyrian Army, and its signal overthrow. Here, again, ancient Literature, as well as the Sculptures in Layard, are put in requisition. Lecture V. comprises the prophecies of Ezekiel, in connection with the Sculptures of Nineveh. Here, it may be said, the subject reaches its climax, and becomes Lectures proper, on the Remains of Nineveh. This is an admirable discourse, abounding in interesting disquisitions on the strange monuments of the olden time which have been brought to England. The last Lecture presents the destruction of Nineveh, as predicted by the Jewish prophets, and its terrible accomplishment. The subject now attains its highest point of interest, and we have here a Lecture which cannot fail to commend itself to every reader, and which, with its predecessors, will be an excellent preparation for a profitable contemplation of the Remains now deposited in the British Museum.

The Three Infant Baptisms of Oxford, Glasgow, and Manchester, and the New Testament Baptism of Repentance by Remission of Sins. By HOWARD WHITE.

THIS is the production of an able and honourable man, who is already, as a writer, favourably known to the Nonconformist public. Mr. White commenced his career as an Independent Minister, but has seen it his duty to renounce the views with which he set out on the subject of Baptism as to its subject, while he retains his notions of the mode of its administrations. In the preface, which is full of spirit, and excellently written, there are some very home truths to meet the case of more than one class. Mr. White deals with his new friends, the Baptists, very frankly on the side of immersion, and the relative importance which belongs to this ordinance, contending that the mode of applying the water is wholly unimportant, and that pouring or sprinkling is alike valid. The object of the treatise is to examine "the four distinct

forms of Baptism taught in modern times," which he has done with much candour and great ability. The respective theories of Drs. Wardlaw and Halley, are examined with an acuteness and candour, and with both in a very high degree. Having completed this examin. ation of these two theories, Mr. White states the results which have been urged on him, by its investigation. Our readers will readily guess what these results are; it is, therefore, only necessary to say that the evil spirit which has too extensively dwelt in most of those who have embarked in this controversy, has either not been suffered to enter Mr. White, or, that before he began to write his work, it has been exorcised. He has spoken what he conceives to be the truth in love, although we cannot allow that we consider the truth has been always spoken. The spirit of the piece is every way unexceptionable, and the style is such as to yield very materiai aid to the matter; it is altogether a highly plausible performance, which, if it should fail in convincing, it will nowhere justly offend. It is a model of manly spirit, and of good manners. It is not a little strange, however, that an intellect so vigorous, so keen, and so penetrating, should not be able to see the strength and beauty of the argument drawn from the Abrahamic covenant, as set forth in the Westminster Confession of faith, the Catechism Shorter and Longer, the bulk of the Puritans, and the Nonconformists, by Dr. Wardlaw, Mr. Ewing, and many others. The book of Mr. White is another addition to the many proofs of the utter uselessness of further controversy on the subject of Baptism. All has been done that can be done. Mr. Noel may be said to have finished the subject, saying about all that can be said for it in the briefest space, and the best spirit. We submit then, that the subject may now with advantage be left to rest, for a generation or two. We had actually a treatise of our own nearly ready for the Press, but without a change of mind it will never see the light. We are weary of the discussion, since we see no probability of the Church of God, for ages, coming to anything like harmony of view upon it. We think the time, therefore, is come when there should be a truce among those between whom this is the only ground of difference, that they may live in peace and labour in harmony for the salvation of men. The great thing we now would see for the Church of Christ, is peace, union, zeal, effort, spirituality, and God in the midst of his people. Let us first have the world turned to God.-Let us have all flesh blessed in the Lord Jesus, and calling him blessed-let us have the whole earth filled with his glory-let his name become great amongst us Gentiles, "from the rising of the sun to the going down of the same," and then the Church can afford the time that may be necessary to settle the question of Baptism, as also questions of "fixed fall, free-will, foreknowledge absolute." We confess to a growing aversion to the controversy. We become more and more convinced that it is the wisdom of Nonconformists, both Baptists and Pædo-Baptists, to form an alliance of holy love, that shall be indissoluble; that with one heart and one soul they may strive together for the faith, and the furtherance of the Gospel, lest while they battle about water, the flood of Popery come rolling on, inundating our Churches and destroying us all!

Rev. J, A. James's Monthly Sermons. THE teeming genius of Mr. James is never weary of devising and executing projects for the advancement of the public welfare. Thousands remember with gratitude his admirable Monthly Addresses, which have since been published in volumes by the Tract Society; and many will hail the appearance of the course on which he has now entered-a course of practical sermons to Young Men, which he is preaching on the last Sabbath evenings of each month. The first and the second Numbers are before us, and truly they are precious, comprising a large amount of practical wisdom, steeped in benevolence, and strongly-marked yearning compassion for the rising manhood of the country. Both discourses are admirable; the second, however, we consider even superior to the first. We commend the series to all Young Men, and to the attention of all Sunday-school teachers. Excellent as the discourses before us are, the topics rise in importance as they proceed; and the whole, when finished, will constitute a most valuable volume, a fine sequel to the Young Man from Home.

The Christian Garland; or, A Companion for Leisure Hours, consisting of Original and Select Pieces in Poetry and Prose. Tract Society. THIS is a valuable addition to the class of books to which it belongs,-a class necessarily very limited in its range, since prose can be but prose, whether that of a Burke or of a Dogberry, and verse only verse, whether that of a Milton or a Maudlin. The only way, therefore, in which one compilation can excel another is in the literary and other qualities of the materials, of which the range is boundless. The Tract Society will be guarantee sufficient for the general character of the work. Taken as a whole it is exquisite, and cannot fail to become a very popular favourite. It is verily a companion for leisure hours that will always instruct, never mislead or injure. Happy those whose hours of leisure are spent in such companionship. It is well-adapted to the garden, field, forest, mountain-side, or the railway carriage, while at least it is equal to anything of the sort now in the market. It possesses double excellence for the eye of taste and genius, inasmuch as it is illustrated with a number of sketches, which, for beauty, are superior to anything of the sort that has ever met our eye.

London in the Olden Time; or, Sketches of the Great Metropolis, from its Origin to the End of the Sixteenth Century. Tract Society. THIS is a singularly interesting and valuable production, for which we could desire a place in every family of this mighty Metropolis; and, we doubt not, whether a few clever hawkers might not sell it to the extent of at least a hundred thousand copies in a very brief space. Here is a volume of nearly 200 pages, for the trifle of Sixpence, presenting Roman London, Saxon London, London in the fourteenth century, London in the fifteenth century, and London at the era of the Reformation.-London under Queen Elizabeth. To state these headings is at once to set forth the extent and the claims of the publication.

Puritan Gems; or, the Wise and Holy Sayings of the Rev. Thomas Watson. Edited and Arranged by the REV. JOHN ADEY. Snow. By this publication, Mr. Adey has paid a great but merited tribute to the famous Thomas Watson, once Minister of St. Stephen's, Walbrook, London-a man great in speaking to men, and still greater in speaking to God. He was, in his day, a great favourite with the many, and took a high stand particularly in Scotland; notwithstanding the addiction of the national mind to the logical and the dialectic, the touching, epigrammatic, experimental, and holy effusions of this admirable man were everywhere welcome, prized, and admired. It is an excellent pocket volume.

The Christian Parent. By the REV. MR. MUZZEY. Hodson.

MR. MUZZEY is already well known as the Author of the "Young Maiden" and the "Young Man's Friend," and the present volume will make him more extensively a favourite amongst the senior portion of the population. Mr. Muzzey belongs to the same class with Mr. Abbott; there is the same variety, vivacity, incident, anecdote, and illustration. There is the same keen sight of the outs and ins of domestic life and society generally, and the same capability of turning everything into gold, and clothing the most insignificant circumstances with the dignity of a monitor, and interesting both young and old in regions where before all seemed barren and desolate. The gift is a rare one, and he who possesses it ought to feel himself a public debtor. The volume is one which will be read with interest by parents, teachers, and Christians generally. To a large extent Mr. Muzzey is a sort of Old Humphrey, rambling about from flower to flower, hedge to hedge, and one vineyard to another, everywhere collecting honey, which is deposited in these 224 pages, as in so many combs of a hive.

Letter and Spirit: a Discourse on Modern Philosophical Spiritualism in relation to Christianity. By the REV. R. VAUGHAN, D.D. Jackson. WE called the attention of our readers to this masterly discourse, somewhat copiously, immediately after its appearance. But its importance is such, that we must do so once more, since it is exceedingly desirable that the handsome volume in which it now appears should have a very extensive circulation. We know not to what extent this has been already realised; but sure we are, if it be in proportion to the subject, or the ability with which it is here discussed, it must have been great If otherwise, we shall take the fact as an evil omen-as an indication that the Christian public are by no means aware of the dangers which surround them, and the necessity of preparing themselves for the battle. It is a book which we should like to see in the hands of all educated young men, whatever may be their rank in the state or place in the church.

Charles Hamilton, and Better Rub than Rust. By G. E. SARGEANT. Green.

A REAL boy's book; full of interest and incident, dialogue, hubbub, innocent sport, and healthful play.

PRIESTLEY.-October 16, at his residence, 88, Granville-street, Birmingham, Rev. Joseph Priestley, aged forty-two years, the stated minister of the Boatmens' Chapel, Crescent Locks, in that town. He was cut off, after a short illness, in the midst of much usefulness, and has left a widow and five children to mourn his loss.

PUGHE.-October 19, the Rev. H. Davidson Pughe, Welsh Independent Minister, Newtown, Montgomeryshire.

LEES.-October 21, after a few days' illness, greatly lamented, the Rev. H. B. Lees, Independent Minister, Chesham, Bucks, aged 30. He died, looking for the mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ, unto eternal life. His removal is felt by many to be a public loss.

SHORE-October 26, at Smethwick, near Birmingham, the Rev. Wm. Shore, Pastor of the Independent Church in that place, in the 32nd year of his age. He was much beloved by his people, and his removal is felt to be a heavy loss.

GOODING.-October 31, at Lenham, Kent, suddenly, Mr. George Gooding, aged 72, for 34 years the well-known and much respected auctioneer in that town.

WHITLAW.-November 8, at Blackheath, in his 80th or 81st year, Charles Whitlaw, Esq., late of Argyl-street, in full assurance of acceptance through Jesus Christ.

BARNARD.-November 5, at Beeston, near Nottingham, Mr. Thomas Barnard, aged 70, for forty-five years a member of the Church assembling in Castle-gate Meeting-house, Nottingham.

FERNE.-November 13, the Rev. William Ferne, Frome, Somerset, after a short illness. He has been mysteriously removed from the Church below in the midst of very great usefulness, and hastily snatched from his family, beloved by all.

PRUST.-November 13, at Clifton, Bristol, deeply lamented by his family and a large circle of friends, Stephen Prust, Esq., in the 80th year of his age.

BERRY.-November 13, at Gomersal, aged 75 years, Mr. John Berry, Senior Deacon of the Congregational Church. "He was a good man." STANCOMB.-November 16, at his residence, "The Prospect," Trowbridge, Wilts, in his 64th year, John Stancomb, Esq, Magistrate for the county of Wilts, and Deacon of the Tabernacle Church in that town.

THE great event of the month is the establishment of the Roman hierarchy in England, an event in which almost every other is for the present lost. The first thing to be noticed, in connection with this affair, is the secrecy with which it was gone about. The British public,even the best informed among them,-had no knowledge of it. Nay, it is now declared by the Prime Minister, that even he was utterly unacquainted with it. From the palace downwards to the parish workhouse,-from the Monarch to the beadle,-all were taken by surprise. It came upon the nation like a thunder-clap. So much for the value of diplomatic relations with Rome, of which the public heard so much some twelve months ago. The business was stamped with the true seal of the Vatican, and marked by its peculiar characteristics, when great achievements are on the wing-secrecy and celerity. The wisdom of the serpent has been strongly displayed in this serpentine transaction. It would seem to have been thought, that to consult the British Government would be to confess its right and power to veto the measure,-a confession Rome will never he driven to make. It might have been further said, that to have allowed even a whisper to be heard among the heretical population of England would just have been to have kindled a conflagration, for the present consuming the hopes of the Vatican. The policy of Rome, therefore, was to strike the blow; to do the deed without a word of warning either to the Government or the nation, and take the consequences, trusting to skill, management, time,

and popular folly first to bring them rest, and then establish them. We say establish them; for let it never be forgotten, that this is only the first step in the ascending pathway.

The Prime Minister, stimulated by the inquiry of the Bishop of Durham, published a letter, in which he expressed himself in language of strong indignation at the arrogance of Rome, speaking, also, in terms justly contemptuous of the "superstitious mummeries" of the Popish Religion, which has given great offence to the Emissaries of the Pope. This letter, combined with other popular manifestations, together with the Press and the Pulpit, has induced Cardinal Wiseman to issue a reply remarkable for its boldness, dexterity, and eloquence, and which, it is probable, will tend to widen the breach, and still further to open the eyes of Protestants to what is contemplated by Rome, and the consequent dangers which await them. It is not probable that the Prime Minister will condescend to reply to the Cardinal's manifesto, notwithstanding it contradicts public statements which have been made of a somewhat official character. The Cardinal Archbishop does not proceed as a man who may be ousted, but as one who is determined to make his standing good, and by all possible means to fortify himself. His enthronization, however, is to be a private affair. He seems afraid to encounter public odium, and to take the consequences which might result from going about the ceremony with open doors. The excitement at the time we write is still spreading, and at length finding its way to Scotland, where also a hierarchy is about to be established. There is

every ground to believe that the impulse which the movement will give to Protestants will minister very materially to the interests of truth, and put upon their defence people who have so long taken for granted that they had nothing more to fear from the worn-out system of Popery. There is almost entire unanimity amongst the members of the English Church on the subject; and on the duty and necessity of resistance in which they desire the Government to take the lead, so far as it is practicable for them to act. Amongst Dissenters, however, there is a considerable variety of opinion. Some would cooperate with the Church to the extent of resisting by all moral means this outrageous presumption of the Pope, whom they view as a common foe. Others would in no respect co-operate with the Established Church, nor will they do anything apart, and by themselves. Both parties are, of course, sincere, and influenced by considerations which weigh with their judgments and become matters of conscience; bnt it may be doubted how far it is wise, under all the circumstances, to stand silently by, and suffer the Pope to partition England, and, in virtue of the power he impiously professes to have received from Christ, to annul past laws, and laws still to be made, and to clothe his hierarchy with the garment of an irresponsible power, over the consciences of Englishmen, treating the Protestant people of the land as infidel, and viewing his own subjects as the only Christians contained in it. Notwithstanding the strong type of our Dissent-we speak personally-we have no sym

pathy with silent spectatorship in such a case. We would leave nothing undone to avert such a catastrophe as this, nor would we hesitate, when necessary, to invoke the aid of the Constitution, forasmuch as we by no means view this as a matter of mere religion, but as a matter of Political Organisation. We cannot consent to place the Church of Rome on the same foundation with any of the numerous communities of the nation. We can look upon it in no other light than that of a great religio-political confederacy, aiming at the destruction of the civil and religious liberty of England, and aspiring to its ancient rule in these realms-as intent upon nothing less than the re-establishment of Papal supremacy, the re-possession of the Universities and the entire Church property of the land. This is a question of the first moment. Space prevents our enlarging, but it will come up again under other forms. We cannot close, however, without stating that, in our view, nothing can be more preposterous than to represent the Church of Rome and the Church of England as so much alike, that there is scarce a straw between them. This is the language either of ignorance, or of petulance and prejudice. Were the Church of Rome to take the place of the Church of England, Dissenters would come to understand the difference in a manner which would soon open the eyes of the most perverse. The Church of England has sometimes scourged Dissenters with rods-the Church of Rome would generally do it with scorpions !

THE last few weeks have been signalized by two of the most interesting events in connection with the Nonconformist Ministry, which were embodied with so much strength and beauty a few years back, in the case of the good and great William Jay. The example set by the people of Bath in relation to that venerable minister, has not been lost upon the churches; and there seems reason to hope that a precedent is now established, which the churches of after times will follow in the case of every minister who, by the good hand of his God upon him, shall be enabled to fight the good fight of faith, living it and propagating it for half a century, and thus "serving nearly two generations, according to the will of God." Such is the state of the honoured and venerable men to whom we refer, the Rev. James Gawthorn and Rev. J. P. Bull. The services connected with the jubilee on the ministrations of these excellent men were of a nature to do honour alike to themselves, their flocks, their friends, their communities, their country, and the age; and it becomes our duty to

This

transmit a record of these facts to the generations to follow, that they may have at hand a monument of the men whom their fathers delighted to honour. we consider due to the grace of God which has been so long with them, and has wrought so efficiently by them, and the hold they have taken on the hearts of a multitude of the wise and good, their contemporaries and juniors. We shall take the cases in order :

PRESENTATION OF THE TESTIMONIAL

TO THE REV. JAMES GAWTHORN. THIS interesting event took place on Thursday, Sept. 19th, to the entire satisfaction of all concerned. The Testimonial originated with a number of Mr. Gawthorn's friends, desirous of giving some public expression of the estimation in which they hold his character, and the services he has rendered during the active labours of fifty years. A sum of money was raised, amounting to the very handsome sum of 517 guineas.

The proceedings commenced in the afternoon, when the Rev. John Angell James, of Birmingham, preached an eloquent and exceedingly appropriate discourse to a crowded congregation, composed of members of different denominations, not only of the town but from all parts of the county. There were also present friends from