net whatever. The court of Portu- that those changes which had become gal, with a large body of forces and a absolutely necessary, could not be efconsiderable number of its European fected but by means of our enemies; subjects, has emigrated to the Brazils. and Portugal will be indebted for the In South America is to be the seat of restoration of religious liberty, and government, and Portugal is to be a the abolition of a great deal of popish colony. The prince regent, it is said mummery to that power, which, by the in some papers, carried away with dispensation of Providence, has been him the regrets and the most lively raised to create new things on the marks of affection of the inhabitants earth.

of Lisbon: other papers report that Between thirty and forty thousand his departure was viewed with the ut- Portuguese were upon the seas. The most indifference. We are the most court, the higher nobility, and the inclined to subscribe to the latter higher clergy; the regatia, and the opinion; for our intelligence from archives of the kingdom. In losing that quarter of the world, which is not the higher nobility and the higher inconsiderable, has for some time clergy, the loss to Portugal is not so past convinced us that the Portu- great as may be imagined. There reguese were perfectly indifferent to mains in the kingdom the great body their late government, and that they of proprietors; and the intercourse considered every change to be for the with England had insensibly pro

better.

duced an order of men, which may in As to the idea of Portugal being a time become very valuable. These colony to the Brazils, it may amuse are the cultivators of the vineyards in the fugitives, but is not likely ever to the wine countries, who had grown to be realised. The sovereign who quits considerable wealth, and resembled in his country from any urgent necessity, some degree our Kentish yeomanry. must retain a place in the heart of his They had gradually become the possubjects, or be master of a very great sessors of those lands, which they once force, if he ever expects to be seated farmed; and agricultural pursuits with again on his throne. We look in the frequent visits of the English, had vain in this case for either affection or led them to adopt more enlarged nonumerous forces. The French are tions of government, both in church said to have entered Lisbon at the and state, than suited the views of very time that the prince regent was either the nobility or the clergy. hastening with our ambassador to the How they will assimilate with the ships prepared to depart; and they just got down the river before the batteries could be properly manned to prevent their escape.

French, time will shew: but this is a fact, that the Portuguese are very easily led, but not easily driven; and the French understand better than The departure of the prince is ad- any people how to accommodate vantageous to the French. His stay themselves to existing circumstances. would have created some trouble. The royal, noble, and priestly fugiThe throne will now be declared va- tives bend their course first to Macant, and most probably be filled with deira, where probably many will land one of the Napoleon dynasty. The to wait the result of the new order of gain to France can hardly be calcu- things. The prince will, most probalated. The wealth of the churches, bly, make the best of his way to the the lands of the monks and nuns, Brazils; and it becomes a question, the estates of the patriarch, archbi- in what manner he will be received shops and bishops, will afford an im- by his South American subjects. The mense booty; and, if prudence may Brazils are but little known to the dictate the participation of it with English. Such was the jealousy of some natives of the country, still the mother country, that all interenough will remain to provide for the course with foreigners was preventexpenditure of France for two or three ed as much as possible. But this years. Such an acquisition of wealth policy has not been entirely sucand strength to our enemies cannot cessful, Many, both English and but create in us uneasy sensations. French, have established themselves We must deplore the fate of Europe, in the colony, and the latter are sup

posed to have been very industrious tained: he throws himself at the feet in disseminating their new opinions. of his father and his mother, and he is The force which the prince has with made the generalissimo of the forces him, will probably enable him to as- of Spain. All this is made known to sume the reins of government: but it the world by the manifesto of the is very much to be doubted, whether king, aud by the submissive letters of he will be able to govern in the same the prince. Several nobles have been manner as he has hitherto done, and taken up, as engaged in the conspiimplicit obedience is not likely to racy; and, if their trials should be form the character of the Brasilians. published, we may possibly obtain To this country, the measure is of some insight into their schemes. The very great consequence. The trade march of French troops into Spain, of the Brazils will be thrown open to the employment of a great body of us: and, if we are contented with a Spanish troops in Germany, the friendly intercourse, if we leave them known feebleness of the Spanish goentirely to themselves, the Brazilians vernment, which is very little supewill form an alliance with us, of the rior to that of Portugal; all these greatest benefit to both parties. It things portend a change: but what it may also be in our power to regain is to be will scarcely be known, till the what we have lost by our misconduct stroke is struck, and the French are at Buenos Ayres. We may encourage masters of Madrid. In the mean and establish an independent Spanish time, the edicts of Spain are as severe power to the south of La Plata, of against our trade as those of France; which Buenos Ayres will be the capi- but trade will break through many tal; and, being shut out from the obstacles, and the smugglers will commerce of Europe, we shall still be come to the assistance of human naa great commercial country by this ture against any artificial obstacles. new system of politics in South Ame- The demon of war is not yet satis rica. The dispensations of Provi- fied with the horrors that have predence are all founded in wisdom, how- vailed in Europe. What we antici ever perplexed they may appear to pated has taken place, and war has our blindness. America is now rising been declared by this country against on the scene of the world; and let us its old ally the Emperor of Russia. hope, that they will profit by our fol- When old friends quarrel, it is no diflies, and not disturb mankind by the ficult matter to find causes to cover the same crimes, and murders, and wars, rupture. Russia made a declaration athat have desolated the old continent. gainst us, accusing us of being indifferMan is not destined to be always the ent friends, of sacrificing her in erests prey of the malignant passions: the to our commercial aggrandisements, time will come when mutual happi- and of acting basely at Copenhagen: ness shall be as much studied by na- she laid, of course, an embargo upon tions, as at present mutual destruc- our shipping, and dissolved all her tion. But this time we cannot expect ancient treaties with us. We were to see in our days, and the fate of the not to be behind hand, especially when lesser Asia may become the fate of war was the question. A word and a Europe. blow seems to have been the maxim. If we turn our eyes from Portugal to A counter-manifesto has been issued Spain, we turn from a fallen to a tot- by the King of Great Britain. It is a tering throne. Confusion prevails in very long, and a very tedious one. On its cabinet. A tale of horror has been this side of the water it will be praised; told by the sovereign, and it has ended in the Russian territories it will be in a manner so unexpected, that we condemned; and exactly in the same know not what credit to give to the manner will the Russian manifesto be account, or how far conspiracy had treated in the two different countries. digested or matured the worst of What a pity it is, that a Lord ChanThe king has accused the cellor cannot be appointed for counprince of Asturias of conspiracy: the tries, as well as individuals. Human father accuses the son of an attempt at nature would gain some respite by the patricide. The son acknowledges pleadings; and the decisions of the guilt, to what an extent is not ascer- weakest judge will assuredly be just

crimes.

as wise as those made by the mouth of with his situation, that reports are a cannon. Russia is arming with circulated of a new king to be apgreat activity. It cannot be on ac- pointed, and the present king is to recount of a rupture with us; for not- ceive another kingdom, more suited withstanding the declaration of war, to his inclinations. there is but little chance of the parties The king of Holland is seriously emmeeting to decide their differences ployed for the good of his country, in a field of battle. We may take a and so is the king of Wirtemberg; few of their ships, but it is folly to and it seems that the activity of Bonapretend to make any impression on parte has put all his subordinate the Russian empire. kings upon their mettle; and they no Sweden still retains her king, not longer think their office a sinecure. without some anxiety on his part for How long this will last we cannot tell; the perpetuity of the tenure. His but it is not impossible, that the sticourage is celebrated in very high mulus given by the revolution, will terms, though we do not know of what produce, for some time, good effects use it has been to his country. As this on various crowned heads. Even the is the only ally left us on the continent meeting of the estates, the addresses of Europe, we should naturally be so- from them to the sovereign, and his licitous to preserve his friendship; answers, will tend to make the wearer but unfortunately, he can do us nei- of a crown reflect on the tenure on ther good nor harm: and if he does which he holds it. The want of such not return to the ancient French de- a tie has probably had great effect in pendance, we must expect to hear weakening the allegiance of Spain, soon of another sovereign driven from Portugal, and Naples, to their sovehis throne. It is next to an impossi- reigns. The king of Saxony conbility that he should remain neuter; tinues in Poland to mind his business and unless the treaty of Tilsit has as Duke of Warsaw: the king of given a different direction to the Rus- Prussia is leading an exemplary life sian forces, we should not be at all of economy, by way of atonement for surprised to hear early in this year, that they have entered Sweden.

his past errors, and looking narrowly into his resources. The king of Bavaria is not idle; but we hear very little of the king of Westphalia.

Holland has had a meeting of its states. The republicans have addressed the throne in the usual courtly The prince of Denmark retains his stile, and the sovereign has answered resentment against this country. Who with just as much dignity as if he had can wonder at it? He has sent back served a regular apprenticeship to the the vessel which was presented to his business. The misery of the country father, and seems determined to have is, however, very great, and the so- no farther connexion with us. Wo vereign feels in common with his sub- cannot blame him. The injuries he, jects. Whilst we have some foolish has received require a length of time people among us, to express a wish to alleviate, and he cannot look on for the perishing of commerce, and his capital without indignation at the hardy enough to maintain that we can treachery of his former friends. But exist a great people independent of it is not only indignation: he is entrade; the King of Holland laments couraging every where his people to the ruin of his country, from the con- annoy our trade, and our navy will tinuance of the war, and sees no me- find employment with their priva thod of extricating it from its embar- teers. What he is to gain from Bonarassments until the return of peace. parte does not appear to be at all deThe order of Bonaparte must, how- cided, and at present he must remain ever, be obeyed. The regulations for quiet, till the fate of Sweden is de the prohibition of trade with England termined.

must be carried into execution, what- But the question continually ocever may be the consequences to Hol- curs, when we are thinking of kingland. It is supposed, that strenuous doms, Where is Bonaparte? What remonstrances have been made by the new designs is he employed upon?" king to the emperor, but without ef- On the latter subject it is in vain to fect: and so dissatisfied is the former speak: they appear in the moment

they are to be accomplished. After not bring himself to expect any hearty regulating the affairs of France, after co-operation from a country which magnificent entertainments, his active has endeavoured to wrest one of his mind by no means seeks for repose. finest provinces from him, and threatHe has left the capital of his empire, ened to ruin his capital. He has viand visited the capital of his Italian gour, and he is employed really in dominious. No good account of his governing, or attempting to govern. designs have reached us. Illumina- But Turkey is in a very tottering tion and parade naturally attended state; and if the three powers advance him at every town, and Venice would, their troops, each will take his allotof course, put on her gayest attire, to ted share without difficulty. Greece do honour to the great sovereign. will of course fall to the lot of France; But Bonaparte is not a monarch for and its emperor take this opportu shew. He is really and essentially nity to unite the Romish and Greek a king. He has a head to contrive, churches. and power to execute, the most im- Our troops have evacuated Egypt, portant plans. Some new change will and the Pacha has written a triumphresult from this journey. The pope ant letter to the Grand Signior, with may be transformed into a bishop, and the important news of his triumph Italy receive either a new king, or be over the infideis. Never was an expe divided between the thrones of Milan dition, except that against Buenos and Naples. If we should hear that Ayres, so il conducted. Still the Lucien Bonaparte had quitted his re- Turkish power will gain very little by tirement at Rome, to visit his brother, this event. Egypt is nominally a prowe should certainly fix upon him for vince only: its government is base in a new king; but whether Greece, the extreme. The Asiatic provinces Italy, or Spain be to receive him, are also in extreme disorder. We would be a question difficult to solve. hear little of the Wahabis in Arabia, The journey of Bonaparte to Italy and how far the religion of the prenaturally leads the attention to the tended prophet will be affected, caneast of the Adriatic. The French al- not be ascertained, till we have a beiready occupy Dalmatia: the march ter communication with Arabia. It is easy into Greece. Can Bonaparte is not certain that the Mahometan resist the opportunity of delivering states of Africa will be ali against us. that country from the horrible vassal- Algiers has declared war against the age under which it groans. If he Americans on the usual grounds, and speak but the word, his troops will in fact, these grounds are just as rafind no difficulty in executing his tional as those that are set forth on commands at Constantinople. This similar occasions, by nations pretendis so obvious, that it can scarcely be ing to be more civilized. The Aigeconjectured that the French empe- rines claim a tribute from every power ror would exchange Paris for Milan that sails on the Mediterranean: this and Venice, unless he had some is paid by many under the name of greater object in view than the mere presents, and the right of Algiers to regulation of his Italian states. Aus- this tribute, or these presents, is just tria, Russia, and France, will all par- as clear to an Algerine, as any right ticipate in this grand undertaking: which England claims over the sea, and however disagreeable the senti- can be to an Englishman. ment may be to us, humanity must rejoice in the prospect of Europe being delivered from the ferocity, the ignorance, and the barbarity, of the Turks.

Great as appears to be the danger impending over the Turkish empire, the cabinet of Constantinople will not listen to any overtures from this country. Our embassy has returned without effecting any of the purposes of is missson. The Grand Signior can,

Sicily is evacuated by the British, and the Bourbon king is now left to himself and the fidelity of his subjects, We cannot, therefore, expect a much longer continuance of his dominion, There is a sovereign, however, who seems likely to reign somewhat longer. This is the king of Sardinia. Wliere he lives, and how he employs himself, we know not; nor should we have thought of him, if it had not been for an article in the papers, informing us,

66

that the Hon. William Hill, the bro- tion was in the testimony, in the law, ther of Lord Berwick, was appointed or in the administration of the law. an ambassador to this king. It is "Wherever it shall be found, the fortunate, however, that we have still legislature alone can apply or create the means of keeping an embassy on the remedy. The framers of our foot on the continent. In spite of constitution," he adds, certainly the French, we are not completely supposed they had guarded as well ejected; and unless the king goes to their government against destruction his island in Sardinia, we shall have by treason, as their citizens against two ambassadors on Terra Firma, the oppression under pretence of it; and, one to the King of Sweden, the other if these events are not attained, it is to the King of Sardinia. The great of importance to enquire by what business of the embassy will be to means more effectually they may be put two thousands a year into the secured." pockets of Mr. Hill, and as much into that of the King of Sardinia as this country can allow him.

The financial accounts are flattering. Within the current year, four millions of the principal of the funded The congress of the United States debt have been paid off, and a surplus of America is assembled, and the pre- has been left in the treasury of eight sident has made his usual annual millions and a half; part of which speech. It created of course great in- may be applied to the great objects terest in this country, as from it was previously decided upon, unless other to be collected, whether we were to powers should interfere, and make it be at war, or not, with this power. necessary to appropriate this sum to The speech begins with complaints the defence of the country. The on the injuries to their commerce by house was consoled in those difficult our fleets, and states the attempts times, on its being present to aid and made to preserve peace, and place assist with its councils; and assurtheir trade upon its proper footing, ances were given, that on every subThe attack on their frigate forms a ject information would be afforded prominent feature. Satisfaction has with the utmost dispatch, by which in been demanded of our court, and it a moment, so interesting to the pubdepends upon our answer, whether lic welfare, its proceedings might be the unratified treaty is to be com- regulated in the wisest manuer. pleted. As soon as the answer ar- Parties run high in America, as may rived, the president assured the house, be expected in a free country. In that all the proceedings relative to the the countries of slaves, no man dares treaty should be laid before it. With to entertain an opinion: in a land of Spain, the differences were not com- freedom, what is warmly conceived pletely settled: with the rest of Eu- will be warmly expressed, but due rope, entire harmony has been pre- allowances are never made by cringserved. Dangers, however, threaten ing courtiers for the energy of human nearer home, and the motions among nature. The Americans, on the sea the Indian tribes require to be nar- side, feel for the injuries done to their rowly watched; the nearer ones are commerce; but happily for them their advancing in civilization, and hopes indignation will be corrected by the are entertained of a long continuance agriculturists in the interior of the of peace with them. Gunboats and country. It is hoped therefore, that works for the defence of harbours the peace with this country will be have been provided; but a regular preserved, by which the happiness of army has not been formed: the mili- a very large district will be consulted. tia, however, has had notice to be The injury we can do to the Ameri ready at a moment's warning. can commerce is very considerable: The supposed conspiracy of Mr. but then we injure ourselves at the Burr is mentioned in a manner that same time; and, if we act coolly, temmust excite surprise. The president perately, and wisely, there is an instates, that he shall lay before the creasing market for our manufactures house the proceedings of the law for at least one hundred years more. courts, by which it will be enabled to This trade, with the demands on the decide, whether the defect of convic- southern continent, might reconcil●