would impress the public with a much higher idea of their education, manners, and acquirements, were they to attend to these things.

ORIGINAL

LINES AT MARGATE,

On seeing Ladies ride on Asses, with Boys flogging them forward; composed and inscribed to Miss HARRIET LAMING, while walking with her. By CL10 RICKMAN.

WOMEN in every point of view

Still charm the raptur'd sight;
And somehow whatsoe'er they do
Inspire us with delight.

Drest, or undrest, with joy they fire
Man's agitated breast,

Fond objects of his sole desire,

Soft breakers of his rest.

1

THE NEW PATENTS.

Mr. ALEXANDER JOHN FORSYTH'S, Mr. GORDON HUDSON's, for a new

for a Method of discharging Artillery and all other Fire Arms, Mines, Chambers, Cavities, and places in other

tible Matter is, or may be put for Explosion.

IRST, instead of permitting the

Girth Pannel for fastening Saddles
on the backs of Horses.

HE object of this invention is to

nience, from the slipping forward of
the saddles on horses. The structure
of this girth, and the mode adopted

Fouch-hole or vent of artillery, for its use, can only be adequately re

presented by drawings.

Mr. HENRY MAUDLEY's, for certain
Improvements in the Construction of
Steam Engines.

improvements authorized by

which it stands, and thereby less expensive in fixing, and not likely to get out of order by the sinking of founda tions, &c. The different arrangementi and combinations adopted, are amply described by drawings of a one horse steam engine annexed to the specifi cation.

fire-arms, &c. to communicate with the open air; and instead of giving fire to the charge by a lighted match, or by flint and steel, the touch-hole or vent, is closed by means of a plug or sliding piece, so as to exclude the Tthese patents consist in reducing outward air, and prevent any sensible escape of the blast or explosive the number of parts in the common gas, or from the priming or charge, steam engine, and so arranging and but as much as possible to force the connecting them, as to render it more said priming to go in the direction of compact and portable; every part the charge and set fire to the same, thereof being fixed to, and supported and not to be wasted in the open air. by, a strong frame of cast iron or Instead of the common priming, some other materials perfectly detached of those chemical corpounds are from the wails of the building in made use of, which are easily inflamed, and explode without any actual fie being applied thereunto; merely by a blow, or any sudden friction, or strong pressure given or applied without any extraordinary violence: for instance, oxymuriate of potash may be used, or fulminating mercury, &c. &c. all of which are found to be much better for priming than gunpowder used alone, and which cannot be made to explode without some sparks, or actual fire. The manner of priming adopted by the patentee, is to intro- struction of common bridges, duce into the touch-hole or vent, a are made of proper materials, inclosing small portion of some or one of the a bar or beam of cast iron sufficiently chemical compounds before alluded strong to bear the weight intended. to: for instance, for priming a mus- The piers or supporters are to be of ket, about the eighth part of a grain, cast iron, erected on platforms or bases the discharge of which is caused by of the same materials resting on rocks giving a stroke, or sudden and strong or other hard substances. These suppressure to the same, communicated porters may be formed of ten, fifteen, by and through the said plug and or any number of cast-iron columns, sliding piece before alluded to, in con- according to the width of the bridge sequence of which, the fire of the and the weight they are to bear, with priming is immediately communi- two or more cast iron stays to go from cated, and the discharge accordingly each of these columns into the platfollows. forms or bases. One large cast-iron For the more ample illustration of beam or more, is to rest on the top of this invention, and as 'auxiliaries to the columns, so as to unite the whole the use of the same, several drawings together. From the abutments to the are annexed. piers or supporters, and from each of

Mr. JOHN PALMER'S, for a nez Me thod of constructing and erecting Bridges.

THE abutments, as in the con

Brussels or pile carpets, and red in and put into the loom, the same as Brussels or pile, the ground excepted, which is not to be red in, or pitched up by the reeder in; so that the draw boy, or person usually employed, need not draw or raise any part of the ground work, unless the weaver wishes it to be done, for the purpose of

these to the other, iron or any other metal chains must be passed, and these must be placed in a parallel direction, and drawn to the same degree of ten sion. But if they should sway, iron rods should be passed through at proper distances, like basket-work, which will brace them, and form a support for the road-way. Planks are to be laid upon these chains about eight making it more easy to himself. To inches wide and four thick, fastened make a floating ground, a chain or to each other with hinges or rings, warp is to be prepared, to consist of which will keep them in their places, double the number of threads now and yet admit of their proper motion used in one ground frame for making with the chains. Flat chains are to be of carpets; or the number of threads used, formed of hinge work from about may be more or less at pleasure. The four to twelve inches long, sufficiently chain so prepared is to be turned ou strong and proved. These are to be a roll or beam, and worked under the laid as the chains, and the planks frames, or any other part of the loom, fastened to them as in common door o it may be worked with one or more work. A road may be made in this frames with bobbin and ball; bobbin manner which will bear any weight. and anchor, or any other means that The guard or side fence of the bridge may answer the same end. The under, may also be formed by fixing chains of or binding part is to consist of thread, any construction sufficiently strong &c. The little harness to make the from one upright to another. Bridges work, is to consist of five or more made upon this plan have the addi- shafts; but if worked with five, it is tional advantage that they may be taken down and replaced at pleasure, with little trouble or expence. They anay also be repaired with the great est facility, when this may be found necessary.

Mr. JOSEPH BOWYER'S, for a Method of working or manufacturing Carpeting.

TH

HIS invention consists in manufacturing carpeting with a floating ground upon a new principle, and in making it a more firm and durable article, differing very much both in quality and elegance from Brussels and pile-carpeting. The ground-work is a firm and even body which cannot be roved or pulled out by brushing and cleaning, or by the scratching of dog, cat, or any other animal. The pattern or figure, is raised above the groundwork, and appears like that of a needle, although wove in the same kind of loom of machine, and raised by wires the same as Brussels or pile carpets. It may be made both comber and point: thus, the pattern to be drawn with a plain or a figured ground: the figures on the ground may consist of any number to work under each other; or any other number of colours may be put to work across the pattern, as in

to be drawn in the following manner,
viz. two to work the linen or binding
part of the ground, and one to work
the colours that form the figure or
flowers: the one who makes t'e Brus-
sels carpeting is called the pole-shaft.
The above may be worked with four or
six treadles; but if the weaver chuses
to raise the floating part of the ground
with his feet, he must have six treadles,
or he may cause his draw boy to use
a machine to raise it for him. In this
case, four treadies will be sufficient
for him, worked as common Brussels
treadies are. But if the weaver raises
the floating ground himself, then the
following method must be used. In the
first place, the draw boy, or person
employed for raising the colours or
pattern, d aws a lash, and turns up the
sword, the weaver at the same time
treads the outside treadic on one side,
which raises one part of the floating
ground, and throw in a shute of
worsted, woollen, silk, cotton, or any
other proper material. He then takes
his foot off the outside treadle, the
sword remaining up, puts in a wire
rod, or any kind of instrument capa.
ble of raising a pile either for culor
drawn. The word is then taken out,
and he then treads the second treadle,
which raises a part of the floating

ground with binding shafts, and lash; he treads the outside treadle on throws a binding shoot of linen, &c. the other side, and raises the other and then proceeds to the third that part of the floating ground, not raised treads down the binding shaft only, before, and this he binds with the two which was raised by the last treadle. next following treadles, in the manner The draw boy afterwards draws a fresh above described.

TRANSACTIONS OF LEARNED & ECONOMICAL SOCIETIES.
HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. of them: on their south sides I planted
On raising new and early Varieties of
the Potatoe (Solanum Tuberosum).
By Thomas Andrew Knight, Esq. of
Elton, Herefordshire. Read Jan. 6,

1807.

T

the potatoes, from which I wished to obtain seeds. When the young plants were about four inches high, they were fastened to the stakes with shreds and nails, and the mould was then washed away by a strong current of water from the bases of their stems, the fibrous roots only of the plants entered into the soil. The fibrous roots of this plant are perfectly distinct organs from the runners, that give existence, and subsequently convey nutri ment to the tuberous roots; and as the runners spring from the stems only of the plants, which in this mode of culture are placed wholly out of the soil, the formation of the tuberous root is easily prevented; and when ever this is done numerous blossoms will soon appear, and almost every blossom afford fruit and seeds. It ap pears not improbable, but that by introducing the farina of the small and very early varieties into the blossoms of those of larger size, and somewhat later habits, moderately early varieties adapted to field culture, and winter use, might be obtained: and the value of these to the farmer in the colder parts of the kingdom, whose crops of potatoes are succeeded by one of wheat, would be very great. I have not yet made any experiment of this kind, but I am prepared to do it in the present spring."

HE ingenious lecturer observed, every person who has cultivated early varieties of this plant, must have remarked, that they never afford seeds, nor even blossoms, and that the only method of propagating them is by dividing their tuberous roots; while experience has proved, that every variety which has been propagated long, gradually loses some of its original good qualities. Dr. Hunter has, in his Georgical Essays, limited the duration of a variety in a state of perfection, to about fourteen years; and as the plant is generally cultivated, he is nearly accurate. A good new variety of an early potatoe is therefore considered as a valuable acquisition; and as an early variety, according to any mode of culture at present practised, can only be obtained by accident, from seeds of late kinds, one is not very frequently produced: but by the method then brought forward, seeds, it was observed, are readily obtained from the earliest and best varieties, which seeds, in successive generations, may ultimately afford much earlier and better varieties than have yet existed. The constant cause of the failure of the early potatoe to produce seeds, is found to exist in the preternatural early formation of the tube- "I expressed from apples, not prerous root, which for its support, draws viously reduced or bruised, by means off that portion of the sap, which in of a small instrument adapted to that other plants of the same species, affords purpose, a sufficient quantity of juice nutriment to the blossoms and seeds. to float an hydrometer, which is calExperience soon satisfied the lec- culated to ascertain the weight of turer, that his conjectures were well fluid, the special gravity of which exfounded. The following, he observes, ceeds that of water. The juice was was ultimately found to be the best thin, pale, and acid, and it evidently method for preventing the formation contained only a very small portion of tuberous roots: 66 Having fixed of sugar; and its specific gravity was strong stakes in the ground, I raised only 1064. This juice was then rethe mould in a heap round the bases turned to the pulp from which it had

Improved mode of making Cider. By
T. A. Knight, Esq.

been extracted, and the pulp was absorbed combines with the other thoroughly reduced by being pounded elementary principles of sugar afforded in a saud stone-mortar. The juice by the pulp, and that a considerable being again expressed, was found to quantity of sugar is thus given to the have increased in special gravity from cider, which never existed in the 1064 to 1071, and to have become apple; which quantity may be very sweet and rich and much less fluid. considerably augmented by approThe pulp was then spread thinly on a priate management. The rind and

china dish, and exposed during 12 seed did not appear to possess any pehours to the air; and being then mixed culiar action in the preceding expewith the juice, it was found, at the riment, for the same absorption of end of five minutes, to have commu- air took place when both those subnicated to it an increasing degree of stances had been taken away. richness, and to have raised its spe- "I therefore wish to recommend to cific gravity to 1075. Much saccha- those cultivators of the apple, who rine matter must therefore have been are anxious to obtain cider in its communicated to the juice, which it greatest state of perfection, the foldid not hold in solution whilst it re- lowing processes:-When the fruit mained within the cells and vessels of has been moderately well ground, as the apple, nor at its first expression much of the juice as can readily be from it. expressed should be taken from it, "The deep colour acquired by the and the pulp should then be spread pulp whilst being ground, or on ex- thinly in an open shallow vessel till. posure to the air after being bruised, the next day, being once or twice induced me to suspect that vital air turned over to introduce new portions (which enters into the composition of of air amongst it, and to promote as sugar to the amount of 64 per cent.) great an absorption as possible. The is absorbed from the atmosphere pulp should then be placed under the during the process of grinding; and roller and ground again; when the experiment immediately proved that juice expressed in the preceding day an absorption of air then takes place should be added to it, and the whole to a very great amount: and I must ground till thoroughly incorporated." thence conclude, that the air thus

VARIETIES, LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL;
With Notices respecting Men of Letters, Artists, and Works
in Hand, &c. &c.

H

THE AFRICAN INSTITUTION is aware that there already exist WAVE caused their proceedings several most respectable institutions at Freemason's Hall, Queen- formed for the diffusion of Chrisstreet, Lincoln's Inn Fields, on the tianity, and means not to encroach on 15th of July last, to be printed. At their province. It may also be proper this meeting his Royal Highness the to premise, that it will naturally beDuke of Glocester was in the chair; come the duty and care of this Society, and the Report was read and received to watch over the execution of the on the motion of the Right Hon. laws recently enacted in this and Viscount Howick. The more immediate objects of the Institution are best expressed in the following words of their report:

other countries, for abolishing the African Slave Trade; to endeavour to prevent the infraction of those laws; and from time to time to suggest any means by which they may be rendered more effectual to their object; and likewise to endeavour, by communicating information, and by other appropriate methods, to promote the abolition of the African Slave Trade by Foreign Powers.

"To prevent misconception concerning the views and measures of the African Institution, it may be proper in the very first instance to declare, that it is the Society's fixed determination not to undertake any religious missions, and not to engage in commercial speculations. The Society The means which it is proposed