Abrial, the Minifter of Juftice. We are enabled to collect from them the following particulars :-There are roz departments, divided into 3317 communes, occupying an extent of about 193,933 fquare miles, and containing a population of 33,104,343 fouls, exclufive of the fix departments of Piedmont, whofe population is 1,946,800, fouls. The population of old France, amounts to 27,989,924 fouls on 161,810 fquare miles. The acquifitions from Germany, including the Auftrian Netherlands, amout to 18,678 fquare miles, with a po pulation of 4,387,000 inhabitants. I hole from Switzerland and Italy (exclufive of Piedmont) amount to 5103 fquare miles, with a population of 727,419 inhabitants; hence the total population of the French empire, excluding Holland, Switzerland, Tuscany, and the Cifalpine Republic, amounts to 35,051,143 fouls. The fecond table contains a lift of the 500 principal cities and towns in France. The population of the whole amounts to 5,405,119 fouls, of which Paris contains 546,856; Bourdeaux 112,844; Marfeilles 111,130; and Lyons 109,500.

The third table exhibits the internal revenue, collected in the 102 departments, under the heads of-1. Land-tax; 2. Per fonal taxes, and upon furniture, &c.; 3. House and window tax; 4. Patents, or licences, to exercife particular trades; 5. Additional centimes. Besides which, the expences of public inftruction, provincial administration, and judicial courts, are charged on each department.

The total amount of all thefe are-1. Land tax 210,000,000 francs; 2. Perfonal, &c. 32,000,000; 3. Houles and window, 17,600,000; 4. Patents, 21,845,425; 5. Additional, 38,720,000; 6. Administration, 13,205,686; 7. Judiciary, 14,909,385; 8. Public intruction, 3,158,500; in all, 351,438,997 francs, or fomewhat lefs than 1 francs for each individual.

"The Importance of Malta confidered in the Years 1796 and 1798, &c. by MARK WOOD, Efq."

Malta ought to be of the higher importance to Great Britain, as the poffeffion of it has cft her so much! That it is fo we have no doubt. The advantages are dif. tinctly enumerated by Mr. Wood in thefe letters, which do great honour to his political forefight and fagacity.

Major CARTWRIGHT has written a fpirited little pamphlet, entitled "England's gis; or, the Military Energies of the Empire."

The plan which Major Cartwright re⚫

commends as being in itself the most efficient for defence, and conflituting, at the fame time, an effential part of the conftitution of this country is, that the King fhould have recourfe to the original militia of the Saxon times, the poffe comi tatus. The Major would have the volunteer fyftem extended to embrace every individual, and instead of being a temporary, converted into a permanent, meature of defence. He has proposed the use of two weapons, which he nas defcribed at length, and of which he has given drawings; the one he calls a double barrelled boarding piftol, and the other, the Britannic pear.

"A Supplement to a comparative View of the Public Finances; containing an Account of the Management of the Finances to the present Time, by W. MorGAN."

The public is very highly indebted to this accurate and vigilant financier, for warning them from time to time of the danger which flows from extravagance and profufion in the public treasury. Mr. Morgan's ftatement clearly proves, that the ruinous fyftein of management, which prevailed during Mr. Pitt's adminiftration, continued under that of Mr. Addington. That fo little attention has been paid to his repeated admonitions, argues an indifference bordering upon apathy, from which the most fatal appréhensions must arise.

Mr. FREND has laid down, what he conceives to be, the equitable "Principles of Taxation," in a fmall pamphlet which evinces that fagacity and acuteness which the autho is to well known to poffets. Statemen know very well how taxes might be fimplified; but their object is to add as many links as poffible to the chain of their influence, and it is not likely they will attend to the fuggeftions of any one whofe object is to reduce the number of them.

"Letters on the Importance of the prefent War, by ALLEN MACLEOD."

To the rhetorician they will afford a happy inftance of rant, rhapsody, and bombaft.

"Royal Letters," &c.

As there have been published in our Magazine, and in every newspaper in the kingdom, we fhall decline making any remarks on a fubject of fuch delicacy. It is impoffible, however, not to obferve that thofe which proceed from the pen of his Royal Highness the PRINCE OF WALES, taken as compofitions, are remarkably well written; they are fpirited, elegant, and in every respect claffical:

"The

"The Five Promifes: Conduct of the "Confular Government towards France, England, Italy, Germany, and especially Swifferland, &c. by Sir FRANCIS D'IVERNOIS."

This gentleman perfifts in the repetition of thofe prophecies which have to often impeached his fagacity; namely, that France is on the verge of bankruptcy, &c. That the expences of the French government are enormous and rapidly increafing, is perfectly true; but Sir Francis cannot be induced to bebeve that her refources are equivalent to this increafing expenditure. He is probably mittaken; feveral accounts which we have larely read on the subject, induce us to hold a contrary opinion, and we give greater credit to the financial statements of M. Neckar than we do to thofe of the prefent writer, who has taken great pains to invalidate them. The five grand pro.niles, which the First Conful is here accufed of having broken, are thefe: —1. To found his government on the facred rights of property, and put an end to all manner of confifcation. 2. To refpect, and caufe to be refpected at home, the conftitution of the year 8. 3. To conquer peace abroad, without ever abufing his victories in order to rife in his pretentions, or aggrandize France beyond the limits affigned her by nature. 4. To establish the peace of the Republic, and the happinefs of Europe, on the faith of treaties, without interfering with the domeftic affairs of other nations. 5. and laftly, To restore the public credit by an inviol. able fidelity to all the engagements of the ftate. Under the four firit of thefe heads many facts are detailed, which very clearly prove that Bonaparte is not a man of his word! Sir Francis has left the confideration of the laft promise for future opportunity. The hiftorical information communicated in this volume forms a large and valuable part of it, and the work is altogether well calculated to make the autocracy of the First Conful odious both at home and abroad.

"Letters from Thomas Paine to the Citizens of America, after an Abfence of Fifteen Years in Europe. To which are fubjoined, fome Letters between him and the late General Washington, Mr. Samuel Adams, and the prefent Prefident of the United States, Mr. Jefferson."

The attorney-general is not likely to fake his locks at this pamphlet; a few objectionable paffages are to be found in it, but the Letters chiefly relate to American politics, and defcribe the perfonal

perils to which the author was repeatedly expofed, under the reign of Robespierie, in the prifons of Paris.

Mr. M'ARTHUR has published a new edition (the fourth) revifed, corrected, and confiderably enlarged, of his "Financial and Political Facts, &c. &c."

"The Revolutionary Plutarch; exhibiting the most diftinguished Characters, &c. in the recent Annals of the French Republic."

The greater part of the materials of this work are ftated to be derived from the original information of a gentleman refident at Paris; as it is published, how. ever, without the fan&tion of a name, one can only judge of the authenticity of the anecdote by internal evidence. This is in very few cafes fufficiently ft ong to entitle them to any degree of confidence. Indeed the ftate papers have all the appear. ance of being fabricated for a very infa mous purpole. One of thefe is inftructions faid to have been delivered by M. Talleyrand to General Andreoffy on his coming to England as ambaffador. It is utterly incredible that the general could debafe himself so much as to receive in writing fuch infulting and filly inftructions as thefe: "Be polite and corde. fcending at the balls and routs of the English nobility; do not forget your rank; endeavour to make yourself popular; never refuse an invitation from the chief of the city or of the wealthy citizen: it will be prudent, perhaps, to mix water with your wine, &c. &c." Suppofing it poffible that Talleyrand fhould have penned fuch baby directions as thefe, would not Andreofly have torn the paper into a thousand pieces before his face, and turned round upon his heel? But we fufpect a great deal of confummate treachery and malevolence in this paper; for among the inftructions we read the following: "Should you meet with Pitt, Windham, Grenville, or any other known enemies of the First Conful, be civil, but formal and diftant; and at any future invitation to the fame place, refufe your prefence. On the contrary, to thofe of Mr. Fox's party, who have oppofed the late war, and whofe li beral opinions and attachment to the cause of the Revolution are known, you cannot be affable enough; and endeavour, by diftinctions, invitations, and amiableness, to prove to them that the First Conful knows, remembers, and is grateful for, their paft conduct and behaviour." We do tufpect that this fentence is the production of an Englishman, and that it was written with the base, the atrocious, the

diabolical

incredible difficulties aud dangers: voluntary exiles from all civilized fociety, they for fake relations and, friends, parents, brethren, and the companions of their early life, to propagate the Gospel among favages; to extirpatę idolatry and inculcate among the Heathens the morality of Chrift, his precepts, and his doctrines. Thele volumes, confidered as mere books of travels, will be confulted as imparting more information concerning the manreis, character, and religion of the favages, with whom the Miffi naries refided, than perhaps any o her works in the language. As throwing light on the nature of the human mind, they are of great value.

An interesting "Narrative" has juft been published of events that have lately taken place in Ireland among the fociety called Quakers. The harmony of that fociety, which denominates itself the Society of Friends, has recently been disturbed by certain differences in opinion on points both of fpeculation and practice among members of the fociety who live in Ire land. The object of the prefent publica tion is to counteract erroneous reports which have been circulated on the fubject of thefe differences and the confequent proceedings of the fociety, and to gratify the wishes of those who are defirous of a correct statement of facts. For that fatement, as it would occupy too much room here, we must refer to the volume itself.

We are indebted to Mr. MYLES for a "Chronological Hiftory of the People called Methodists, of the Connection of the late Rev. John Wesley, from their Rife in the Year 1729, to their laft Conference in

1802."

If the Society of Friends is declining in numbers, that of Methodists is very a pidly, increasing; a fociety, whose eligious tenets are of the molt gloomy, dan gerous, and debafing kind. Many individuals of them have already entered the church, and are forming within its bofom a loud and powerful faction. NATURAL HISTORY, NATURAL PHILO

SOPHY, AND PHYSICS.

Under this head we have to notice a very unufual number of valuable works. "Elements of Galvanism, in Theory and Practice, with a comprehenfive View of its Hillary, from the firft Experiments of Galvani is the prefent Time: containing aljo practical Directions for conftru&ting the Galvanic Apparatus, and plain Sy tematic Inftructions for performing all the various Experiments, illuftrated with great Numbes plates. By WILKING Mr. V

of the

which he has undertaken to explain, and of which he has given a very interesting hiftory. It was in the year 1790, that M. Galvani, of Bologna, while making experiments with a common electrical machine, was infenfibly led to the investigation of this fcience: he published his difcovery in the following year, and from this period it has been very affiduously and fuccefsfully cultivated by the philofophers of Europe. The fcience is yet in its infancy, but there feems a ftrong probability that animal electricity, or Galvanifm, as it is now called, may be rendered fubfervient to very important purposes, both in medicine and chemistry. Mr. Wilkinson has devoted a chapter to what he terms Medical Galvanism, as it has fallen under his own obfervation, with fuch directions, illuftrated by plates, as may be understood by others, who are difpofed to make fimilar attempts. In paralytic affections it has often proved of confiderable advantage, in cafes of deafness alfo relief has been afforded by Galvanism; but Mr. Wilkinson has never fucceeded in being ferviceable in affections of the eye. "In involuntary actions of the mufcles, (ays Mr. Wilkinfon,) I know of no remedy fo efficacious as Galvanism. In a contracted fate of the fingers of hands, however violently the latter may be clenched, on the application of this principle for the space of a few minutes, it rarely fails to induce a relaxation. In cafes of cramp, if of long continuance, and even of tetanus, or locked jaw, it has afforded relief in a fhort space of time. In contractions of the joints, and in all cafes of rigidity, it will be found a very advantageous ftimulus, which will greatly contribute to the restoration of motion." With regard to the influence of Galvanifin in cafes of mental derangement, Mr. Wilkinfon mentions its good effects in two inftances, by Aldini: he gives Mr. Hallam's theory on the fubject, but does not appear to have had any experience himself. The author concludes with giving inftructions for the employment of Galvanifin in cafes of fufpended animation. Mr. Wilkinson's theory is, that its principles and thofe of electricity are identically the fame that the former is the evolution of electricity from conducting bodies, and difengaged by a chemical proces; while the latter is the fame principle, rendered apparent to our fenfes by the temporary changes of non-conductgbodies to a conducting ftate.

:

An Account of the late Improvement vanifm; with a Series of curious terling Experiments, perfor

Mr. MARSH has published, as a rejoinder to the anonymous author of the Remarks on Michaelis and his Commentator, "An Illuftration of the Hypothefis propofed in the Differtation on the Origin and Gompofition of the three first Canonical Gofpels."

This hypothefis, built upon facts laboriously collected and moft ingeniously applied, brought down upon the learned author an attack from an anonymous writer (fuppofed to be the Bishop of Oxford.) To thefe "Remarks" Mr. Marth pub. lished a very akle, and what is generally confidered to be a very fatisfactory, reply. His anonymous adverfary re-published his Remarks, with a short Preface; and this re-publication has called forth the Illuftration of the Hypothefis, which it is probable will be deemed a complete vindication of Mr. Marsh and his fyftem from fome very illiberal charges, and fome totally unfounded objections brought by the remarker; and at the same time a juftification of all the charges which Mr. Marth had advanced against him in his first reply. The controverfy has been carried on with too much afperity, but it has called forth the learning and acuteness of one of the most learned and acute theologians of the present day, and will always be ftudied with delight and inftruction by those who intereft themfelves in examining the truth of revelation.

Mr. M'CONOCHIE has published a "Differtation concerning the Writer of the Fourth Gospel."

The hypothefis here for the first time propofed, is, that John the Apoftle and John the Evangelift were different perfons. It is a very curious fubject of enquiry, and will probably be taken up by other theologians who will canvas it with ftill greater rigour and acuteness.

" It ap

pears to me, (fays this ingenious author) that John the fon of Zebedee, or John the Apostle, whofe occupation, before he was called by our Saviour, hal confined him to the fea of Tiberias and its banks, was not the author of this (John's) Gofpel; that the author was a native of Jerufalem; that he, or fome of his relations, had property in the city of Jerufalem, or near to it; that he attended upon Jefus when he was at Jerufalem, or when he tarried in what is called in the New Teftament the land of Judea, but that he feldom accompanied him into Gallilee." If, on fur. ther examination, this hypothetis fhall be found tenable, it will folve many ferious difficulties, and reconcise many incongruities.

Mr. GREGORY BLUNT, as he hu-
MONTHLY Mag. Nɔ. 117.

mourously and antithetically calls himself, has addreffed "Six more Letters to Granville Sharp, Efq. on his Remarks upon the Ufes of the Article in the Greek Teftament."

He is an antagonist of great power and fkill, but has not conducted himself with fufficient courtefey in the combat: he is a conqueror, but a merciless one.

Mrs. MARRIOT's "Elements of Religion" contain what the terms a fimple deduction of Chriftianity from its fource to its prefent circumftances. The work is addreffed to a young lady in a series of letters, combining narrative and reflection. In the firit three are treated the fundamental topics of religion, the exiftence and providence of God, and the importance and actual communication of divine revelations. In the fucceeding forty-two the History of the Old and New Teltaments is deduced, and the remaining four comprise a very brief sketch of fubfequent ecclesiastical history. The work is indicative of a pious and reflecting mind, but is occafionally deficient in that candour towards those who differ in opinion from the author, which conftitutes the true Christian fpirit.

The fame remark we are compelled to make on Mr. MENDHAM'S " Expoficion of the Lord's Prayer;" a work altoge ther fenfible, pious, and useful; but in which we fee fome highly venerable names fpoken of in an extremely indecorous and perfectly unwarrantable manner.

Dr. SHEPHERD, Archdeacon of Bedford, has published a volume of "Sermons on feveral Occafions."

Mr. WARNER, of Bath, has also prefented the public with a volume of " Prac tical Sermons.”

We are alfo indebted to Mr. THEOPHILUS ST. JOHN, Mг.THOMAS TAYLER, and to a Layman, respectively for. a volume of Sermons.

We must altogether decline the enumeration of Falt Sermons, Confecration Sermons, &c. &c.; fingling out of the mass, Dr. PARR's "Faft Sermon," Dr. REES's, Mr. JERVIS's, and Mr. BELSHAM'S, all of which will reward the reader.

ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. "Periodical Accounts relative to the Baptift Miffionary Society for propagating the Gospel among the Heathens."

"Tranfactions of the Miffionary Society, Vol. I.”

There are few works more inftructive and interefting than thefe, the titles of which we have juft tranfcribed. The exhauflefs zeal and extravagant fanaticifin of the miffionar es fupports them under 4 P incredible