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tion not very eafy to determine. The beautiful equeftrian ftatue, now to be seen at Portici, in the quarter of La Garde Royale, feems to atteft, that under the reign of Adrian, Herculaneum was still a flourishing city; and that even then it was decorated with new monuments of art. The characters of the infcription, legible on the base of that statue, accord perfectly with the age of Adrian :-M. NONNIO: M. F. BALBO. P. R. PROCOS HER

CULANENSES.

In that portion of the fatirical romance attributed to Petronius Arbiter, which has been solely preserved in the manufcript of Trau, mention is made of gardens fitu ated, if not at Pompeii itself, at least adjoining that city, and which had been for about a year the acquifition of Trimalchion. On a fuppofition that this piece be confidered as authentic, we must take it for granted, that it could not have been compofed before the reign of the laft Antonines. According to this fynchronifm, the paffage in question would feem to indicate that in the course of the third century, Pompeii ftill figured amongst the cities of Campania. In the Table or Chart that bears the name of Peutinger, Herculaneum and Pompeii are noticed as cities then in existence. Herculaneum is there placed at the distance of eleven miles from Naples. This is an error-we should read fix miles. A literary monument, the cre 'dit of which on this point is not to be fufpected, authorizes this correction. But in the Itinerary of Antoninus, Herculaneum and Pompeii are no longer to be found. Thus according to ftrong appearances, it must have been in the interval that elapfed between the epoch at which the Table of Peutinger was conftructed, and the time when the Itinerary of Amoninus was compiled, that the two cities muft have totally disappeared from the furface

of the earth.

The Table of Peutinger is evidently of a date pofterior to the reign of Conitantine the Great. Thus Herculaneum, Pom peii and their territory, univerfitas agrorum intra fines cujufque civitatis were yet fubfifting at the epoch when that prince transferred the feat of empire to Byzantium, that is to fay, in the year 330. Theodoric reigned, it is well known, from the year 493 till 526. It is likewife afcertained that in the life-time of that prince, there was an eruption of Vefuvius which occafioned dreadful ravages in Campania; this appears from a letter of Caffiodorus. Wishing to remedy the misfortunes that had happened on that occafion, the king

ordered the prefect of the pretorship, Fauftus, to fend into the territories of Naples and Nola, a perfon of acknowledged probity, to examine and afcertain the damages that every citizen might have fuftained, and to discharge the perfons that were liable, from the burthen of the imposts, in proportion to what they might have fuffered. When it is obferved, that on this Occafion, the prince makes no mention either of Herculaneum or of Pompeii, nor of the territory of those two cities, and that, nevertheless, they ought naturally to have fuffered the moft; we are inclined, we are even authorised to believe that they had already difappeared anterior to that event. There are therefore, the strongest appearances from which to infer, 1. That they had, before that period, ceafed to be inhabited. 2. That those of the citizens who had escaped the disaster, after having taken refuge, fome at Naples, others at Nola, had established themselves in those two cities; and 3. That by confe quence, the diftrict of Pompeii had been united to that of Nola, and the district of Herculaneum to that of Naples. But at what precife epoch did this event take place? It is no vain conjecture to place it about the year 471. In that year, Count Marcellinus makes mention of a dreadful eruption which covered the whole face of Europe with ashes: these are his terms: "Vefuvius mons Campania, torridus inteftinis ignibus exafiuans exufia vomuit vifcera, nocturnifq; in die tenebris omnem Europa faciem minuto contexit pulvere.' He adds, that at Conftantinople, commemoration was annually made of that event on the 8th of the ides of November.

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Hujus metuendi memoriam cineris Byzantii annué celebrant viii. idus Novembris. This eruption of the volcano which took place in 471, must have been the most fatal of all. It totally changed the conformation of Vefuvius. Antiently that mount rofe in the manner of a peak, having but a fingle fummit, which could be only afcended on one fide, and that with great difficulty. Its cimex or top, prefented a fort of plat-form, almost every where level, as Strabo informs us (page 257). And lastly, we learn from Dion Caffius, that the flames iffued from the middle of the cimex, and that the flanks or the outfide of the mountain reprefented, in fome measure, a vaft amphitheatre. At prefent, there only remains a small portion of this cone that looks towards the north, and is feparated from the actual crater. It was therefore, according to all appearance, at the above epoch that the

4 B 2

change

change took place. It must have been at volence. It is not uncommon that new the fame time that the lava completely comers are gladly received and even treatcovered the cities of Herculaneum and ed with more confideration than the ancient Pompeii, and that the wretched inhabi- inhabitants. Hence we may conceive how tants, compelled to retire elsewhere, were the quarter wherein the refugees from incorporated, fome in the city of Naples, Herculaneum established themselves, has and others in the city of Nola. In the been characterized in the lapidary monuThêmes of Conftantine Porphyrogeneta, ments, and even in public acts, as regio mention is made of Naples, the metropolis, primaria, regio fplendidiffima. At the and of Mount Vefuvius and its gulph of commencement of this last century, adds fire; but no mention is made of Hercula- M. Ignarra, the curious were yet disputing neum or of Pompeii; another argument to about the place where formerly Hercula prove that thofe cities had entirely difap- neum was fituated. Some fuppofed that peared at the time when Conßantine Por- the place of that ancient city fhould be phyrogeneta wrote; that is to say, about fought, where now is the palace of Portici. the year 940. The learned, continues M. Others were willing to find it at the place Ignarra, are not agreed as to the precife called Turris Octavii, vulgarly, Torre del epoch to which we ought to refer the com. Greco. The discovery of the theatre fitupilation of the Table or Chart of Peutinger, ated about a furlong to the weft of the and of the Itinerary of Antoninus. But royal Corps de Garde, proves that Hercuon one hand, we have juft feen that Her- laneum occupied a fcite nearer to Portici culaneum and Pompeii muft have been than to Torre del Greco. M. Ignarra fubfifting pofterior to the compofition of endeavours, likewife, to demonftrate that the Table of Peutinger, inasmuch as that the porticos of Hercules, of which mention table reprefents, or contains both the is made in the fatirical romance attributed cities. On the other hand we fee, that to Petronius Arbiter, ought to be fought towards the year 500, that is to fay, when no where elfe than on the actual scite of Theodoric wrote to Fauftus, the prefect Portici. He then conjectures, that at the of the pretorship, the two cities were time of the catastrophe of Herculaneum, no more, as the prince makes no mention under the reign of Titus, if the city itself, of their diftrict or territory. At the fame by an effect of the munificence of that time we have fhewn that according to all prince, was quickly restored, at leaft, in probability, it must have been in the year part; the theatre, which, as cannot be 471 that they totally disappeared. Hence doubted, agreeably to the teftimony of we may conclude. 1. That the Table or Dion Caffius, had principally fuffered, Chart, bearing the name of Peutinger, was not fo foon repaired. Perhaps, indeed, which is evidently of a date pofterior to it was not fo at all: perhaps, there only the reign of Conftantine, is no lefs certain- remained of it the exterior faces, either of ly of a date anterior to the year 471. And the stage or of the amphitheatre. Thefe 2. That the Itinerary of Antoninus must faces, according to the rules of architechave been compiled pofterior to the ture, were ornamented with porticos, at fame epoch of 471. If we now find in different ttages or ftories. The theatre the Table of Peutinger, names which can remaining unoccupied, the porticos only only be referred to more modern times, were frequented and known. In a little we must recollect that geographical charts time the theatre was no longer remembered, ought to be confidered as a kind of gloffa- and the porticos only were talked of. ries or lexicons of places. These gloffaries Hence the interlocutors in the satirical roor lexicons are not compofed by a folitary mance, have taken notice of the porticos effort, if we may fo fpeak; it is only by of Hercules, without making mention of a fucceffion of labours that they become the theatre. In the fequel, thefe porticos complete. Each compiler adds to it themselves dif ppeared, as well as all the names that the former one had omitted. reft of the city. But the spot on which Hence, although the first compiler of the they were fituated, where they had been Table or Chart of Peutinger might have fo long vifible, and to which they had given finished it before the year 471, there are their name, retained the denomination; found in it more modern names which muft and agreeably to the remembrance of it, have been added in the fequel. The ci- the place ftill bears the name of Portici. tizens of Herculaneum,- that took refuge M. Ignarra goes farther. He fufpects that at Naples, appear to have been received even in the 15th century, a part of those there and admitted to the rights of citi- porticos might have been fill fubfifting. zenship with marks of honour and bene, He conjectures this from a paffage of San

nazarius.

nazarius. This poet, in one of his eclogues, introduces the fisherman Thelgon, feated on the declivity of the hill, called Mergellina, oppofite the crater of the mountain, and expreffing himself thus:

Rupe fub hac mecum fedit Galatea; videbam, Et Capreas & quæ Sirenum nomina fervant Rura procul; veteres alia de parte ruinas Herculis ambufta fignabat ab arce Veíevus.

By these words, veteres ruinas Herculis, the poet could only mean the ruins of the porticos of Herculaneum, already overthrown in his time, but yet visible.

For the Monthly Magazine.
COLIANA;

Confifting of SELECTIONS of the curious MSS. bequeathed by the late MR. COLE to the BRITISH MUSEUM, and lately opened.

THE

MAYOR OF ANGIERS.

HE following piece of pleafantry upon a Mayor of Angiers, who died in his mayoralty, and had the arms of the city, and himself, pourtrayed in a military babit, on his tomb, may with equal propriety be applied to thousands of other people, who have been thus accoutred by their grateful executors:

"Ici git Pierre de Pincé

Qui en fon Tems a bien pincé;
Il étoit de bonne Nature,

Et ne fut armé qu'en Péinture." ORIGINAL LETTERS from Robert Earl of Leicester, copied from a Manufcript in the Library of Benet College, Cambridge. "To the Right Honorable and my fingu. lar good Lord, my L. of Canterburies Grace geve thefe.

MY LORD,

"The Q. Matie being abroad hunting yesterday in the forrest, and having hadd veary good happ, befide great fport, fhe hath thought good to remember yo' Grace with part of her pray, and fo comaunded me to send you from her Highnes a great and a fat ftagge, killed with her owen bowe hand, which because the wether was woght, and the dere fomewhat chafed and daungerous to be caryed fo farre without fome helpe, I caused him to be parboyled in this fort for the better prefervation of him, which I doubt not but shall caufe him to com unto you as I would be glad he fhuld. So having no other matter at this prefent to trouble your Grace withall, I wyll comytt you to th' Almighty, and with my most harty commendacyons take my leave in haft.

At Windfor, this iiiith of September,
Yor G. affured,

R. DUDDELEY."

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Jonathani Rogers,

Qui Juris inter negotia diu verfatus Opibus modicis laudabili Induftria partis, Extremos Vitæ annos

Sibi, Amicis, Deo dicavit. Humanitati ejus nihil otium detraxit, Nihil Integritati Negotia. Quænam bonæ Spei juftior Caufa, Quam perpetua Morum Innocentia, Animus erga Deum reverenter affectus,

Erga omnes Homines benevole ?
Vixit Ann. LXV. Ob Stoke in Com. Bucks.

A.D. MDCCXLII. Octob. xxxi.
Anna Conjux mœftiffima,
Per Annos xxxiii.
Nulla unquam intercedente
Querimonia,

Omnium Curarum particeps,
Hoc Marmor,

(Sub quo et fuos Cineres juxta condi deftinet) Pietatis officium, heu! ultimum.

P.C.

PARISH REGISTERS.

In order to remedy the diforders occafioned by the frequency of divorces in Spain, the great Cardinal Ximenes, archbishop of Toledo, in a Synod held by him for that diocele, put a stop to them by the first inftitution of Parish Registers; this was in 1497. The whole paffage concern. ing this is worth reading, as recorded by Marfolier, in his Hiftoire du Ministére du Cardinal Ximenez. p. 147. Tholoufe, 8vo. 1694; which would be a more useful, though hardly a more entertaining book, were the da.es of the feveral most interesting transactions better oblerved.

Vie de Petrarch, in 4to. 1764, mentions parish

Parish Regifters, from 1308 till 1373, at and near Avignon; and Velutello affirms that he confulted them in the beginning of the fixteenth century; but they were per haps, only private memorandums of the incumbents. Mr. Basie d nies that any were kept, even in great cities, in the fourteenth century. (Fræf. p. xxxiv. Notes, P. 13, 31, 32.) Time, the wars of the Hugono's, and the ravages of the Ligue, have deftroyed the papers of the neighbour. hood in queftion. What were thofe which were actually in being in 1520?

The first inftitution of them in England commenced in 1501, 16th of Henry VII, although the keeping of them was not strictly enjoined till the injunction of Lord Cromwell, 30th of Henry VIII; but he being looked upon as an enemy to Popery, and a favourer of innovations in religion, the good intent of them was much mitrepreented, and his order rarely complied with by the clery. A fecond order of this kind was iffed in the fecond year of Edward VI, 1547, though, perhaps, litt'e complied with (Sparrow's Collection of Articles, &c. p. 4, 5, 27.) A third order is to be met with in the ftatutes of the National Synod, by Cardinal Pole, about 1555 (Life of Pole I. 137, 123.) and the latt and molt fuccefsful injunctions in the ift, 7th and 39th years of Elizabeth.

Did Cromwell pick up the hint from Cardinal Ximenes, in his Travels about the year 1500? The Cardinal died at the age of 81, in 1517.

"POT POURRI; OR, PERFUMED JAR OR POT.

"Get fome coarse brown bay salt: this is the fine qua non, and (by the way) is not to be had at Cambridge, where, under the name of bay falt, they fell a whitifh kind of falt, that will never do for our purpofe, and will spoil all. At London the true fort is common in every shop, and a penny worth of it is enough to make a bufhel of perfumes. Take a peck of damask rofes, picked from the cups, orange flowers all you can get, cloves (the fpice) a quarter of an ounce, cut fmall; icatter them in your jar, mixt in layers about two. inches thick, and th nly sprinkle the falt over them: repeat this, til the veffel is three quarters, or more, full: cover it clofe down, let it ftand two days, and then fir it up well with a wooden ladle or fkimmer: repeat this often, and it is made. If it is always moit to the touch, it is right: if over-wet, you have only to put in n ore flowers, and no more falt. You may use, if you pleafe, tops of lavender, myitleleaves bruifed, rofe-geranium, angelica,

fhavings of orrice-root, or (where orangefwers are fearce) young green oranges fliced, or even the yellow rind of feville oranges: but of these things a very little will do, leaft they overpower the rest. I cannot be particular as to quantities, becaufe I obferved none myself. Adieu, dear Sir, I am faithfully your's,

Cambridge, July 7, 1764.

T. G."

This I had by letter, from my friend, Mr. Gray of Pembroke hall, in Cambridge, to whom I fent for the receipt, having feen and fimelt the odoriferous jar in his chambers the year before.

SHRINE OF ST. SIMPLICIUS AND ST.

FAUSTINA.

I faw this very tomb or thrine at S'rawberry hill, July 7, 1759. The church of Santa Maria Maggiore, being new ornamented, the part of the thrine which contained the pillars ftudded with gold, marble, &c. were fent in large cafes by Sir Horace Man to Mr. Walpole, who defigns them for a chapel in his delightful Gothic caftle, at Strawberry-hill.

BISHOPS BURIED in LONDON.

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Whaddon hall, June 21, 1720.

"Being informed that you have printed what I lately fent you, of bishops buried in church's in London (which if I had intentions of publishing, I would have had conceived you had wanted to soon, or been more exact about) I crave leave to add fome few that, I believe, I had then overlooked in my hafte, which, if you think proper you may infert.

"There are, doubtlefs, feveral bishops that had been of the orders of friars, &c. buried in monafteries in London, it heing more customary for them to lie in their refpective convents, to which they belonged, than in their cathedrals: and fo, though I cannot discover them, becaufe they made no wills, I make no doubt but that Roger Cradock, John Zouche, John Welles, Nicholas Afhby, and John Hunden, all bishops of Landaff, are interred in religious houfes of their orders, and poffibly in fome of thofe in London. It is plain that bishop Alan or Alban, of Bangor, who died 1196, lies interred in St. John's of Jerufalem Priory, near Smithfield, because there was an obit kept for him; and bishop Thomas Ringstede of Bangor, was buried anno 1365. in the Blackfriars of London, and not at Huntingdon, as Godwin mittakes. I prefume, alio, that the famous Jeffery of Monmouth, bishop of St. Afaph, might lye in fome abbey in London, he dying in the city, after he was deprived of his bishop

rick, anno, 1175; as did John Delabere, bishop of St. David, who died about 1462, as I judge, two years after his quitting St David's, in the Blackfriars, in London, where, by the best information I can get, he spent the remainder of his days, and lies buried. I am thus particular about the ancient province of St. David's, because I have been writing of all the Welsh fees.

"In Canterbury province I can add little to what I fent you, unless that I find bishop Ralph Bayne buried 1559, according to Wharton, in Iflington Church; or, as other authors tell us, in St. Dunftan's in the Weft. In the Temple church is an ancient effigies of a bishop, which I fhould judge to be of Marmaduke Lumley, bishop of Lincoln, who died in London in 1451, at his palace, no doubt, belonging to his fee, called the Old Temple. In Weftminster Abbey lies Richard Courtney, bishop of Norwich, who died in 415. So that you have inftances of bifhops of every fee buried in London, except of the new erected bishoprick of Bristol.

"In York province I can only add the burial of Robert Holgate, firft bishop of Landaff, and afterwards archbishop of York, who died in the Tower, anno 1556; and, by the direction of his will, which I have feen, appoints his body to be buried in that parith wherein he dies. I am apt to think, that he was doubtlefs buried in the Tower chapel; as were, about this time, most of the ftate prifoners, and almoft all those beheaded in Henry VIII.'s reign, particularly his two queens. If what I have wrote is of any fatisfaction, you may make what ufe you please of it. From "Your most humble fervant,

"BROWN WILLIS."

To the Rev. Mr. Cole." MEMORANDA from RYMER'S FEDERA, &c. Milton, November 1771. Anno 400. Bells invented by Paulinus, bishop of Nola, in Campania, and thence named Campanæ.

Anno 550. Bells first known in France. Anno 555. Raw filk first propagated, and wrought filk first made in Greece.

Anno 555 Water mills invented, or rather their re-invention. Pancirolus. Anno 581. The Latin tongue ceases in Italy, and the Italian takes place.

Anno 590. Dress of the Lombards. They wore loofe garments, like the AngloSaxons, mostly of linen, having large feams, and interwoven with various colours their fhoes were open almost to the toes, and buttoned and laced together. They afterwards began to wear hofe, over

which, when they rode, they drew a fort of breeches: but this fashion they took from the Romans. Anno 674. "Abbot Benedi&t (fays venerable Bede) alfo brought over artificers, fkilled in making of glass, which, till then, had been unknown in Britain, wherewith he glazed the windows of the church of Weremouth, and taught the English the art of glass making.

Anno 709. Wilfrid, a Northumbrian bifhop, first uses filver plate. Tyrrell. Anno 728. The laws of Ina, King of Weffex, mention ale and ale-bouses.

Anno 758. Organs first brought from the Greek Empire into the Weft about this time.

Anno 1070. Mufical Notes, as at prefent used, invented by Guido Aretinus. Anno 1086. Domesday Book finished. The revenue of William I. anno 1160, 700l. yearly. London not paved.

Anno 1090.

Howell. Anno 1097. The holy war commences, from which heraldry took its ri e.

Anno 1181. About this time glass windows are faid to have been begun o be in ufe in England: they had been difcovered long before, though very scarce in private houfes, and raked even till now as a kind of luxury, and as maks of magnificence.Italy had them firft, then France, from thence England.

Anno 1200. The ufe of the mariner's compass fuppofed to be found out about this time: fome fuppofe it to have been of French invention, as it was firit mentioned by Guyot of Provence, a French poet, who calls it Marineta; and alfo, becaufe the north point is by all nations marked on their compaffes by a fleur de lis. See below anno 1302.

Anno 1300. Looking glasses made only at Venice. Moft authors fix on th's

Anno 1302.

year for the invention of the mariner's compafs, by Flavio di Gioia, a Neapolitan.

Anno 1306. The daily expences of the bishop of St. Andrew's and his fervants, being a prifoner in Winchefter Caftle, for fiding with his own king, Robert Bruce:

For the bishop's own daily expence

One min fervant to attend him

One boy to attend likewife
A chaplain to fay mats to bim
daily

Total

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Rymer's Foedera, I. f. 116.

Anno

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