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and thefe form the bulk of the Pruffian cavalry. There are many wild hores in the government of Orenburg. Thote of the Ifle of Oefel are very mall, but will long remain serviceable. There are fome hories in the fouth weft provinces of the empire; they coft from 50 to 70 roubles, will carry from eight to ten quintals, and will travel nearly twenty leagues a-day. The commerce of herrings is pretty confiderable; they import to the value of 125,000 roubles from Holland, Sweden, and Denmark; they export to the value of 10,000 roubles. They export, likewife, falmon, eels, lampreys, and, above all, turgeon, after the rate of 15,000 roubles. In 1791, there was exported of ifinglafs to the amount of 139,846 pounds weight. There are large quantities of herrings in the White Sea, and other fish of nearly the fame defcription in the Black Sea, and in that of Azow, in the Wolga, the Okka, and the Don; they fport there in large fhoals, and fome are even found in the Dnieper.

Vegetables for dyeing are very abundant in Ruffia; they import, however, to the amount of about 149,000 roubles, for madder, Brafil-wood, faffron, indigo, &c. The plant rubia tinorum of Linnæus grows in abundance in the parts about Aftracan, on the banks of the Tereck, of the Kuma, and of the Kura. There are in the country of Aftiacan, as likewife in thofe of Orenburg, Kafan, Woronesch, and Azow, wild plants, which might very well be ufed as fubftitutes for madder, and especially the cruciata paluftris maxima. The Origanum, or wildmarjoram, yields a very fine crimfon. The faffron-plant, which is uted to the value of more than 6oco roubles, grows Ipontaneously near Modofk, on the Caucafus, and on the Tereck. Indigo is imported to the value of 50,000 roubles, and is exported into Afia to the value of 60,000 roubles. The broum, or furze, Ladonis vernalis,) which is found be *ween the Wolga, the Dnieper, and the Nerprum, gives to filk a colour equally beautiful and durable; the young leaves of the boabun, with alum, are made ufe of to dye woollen-ftuffs yellow. Thele plants and fhrubs cannot bécoire articles of commerce, but the using them may prevent the importation of thefe fame plours from abroad.

Fine linen-yarn, the flax of which is bought in Ruflia, and which is frequently bleached with afes brought from the fame country, finds its way back again

at the rate of about 80 or 90,000 roubles,
as well in cambrick as in lawn. Very
good and very fine linen-cloth is made
here, but it yields in whiteness to that of
Silefia. On the ifle of Oefel is a manu-
facture of cambrick, which has risen to
fome celebrity. As there is plenty of ↑
good and very fine rags, paper ought to
be very fine here, and in great abundance;
they import, however, to the amount of
33,000 roubles. The paper-mills of Li-
vonia, and of the Mofkaw, work it pretty
fine, but in very fmall quantities, not-
withstanding the cold weather, which is
very favourable to the procefs. The pa-
per of Repin is tolerably good for com-
mon ufe, but it is dear. Pretty large
quantities are made, and very cheap, of
common paper, fuch as blotting-paper,
packing-paper, and pateboard. Coloured
and marbled-papers, which formerly came
from abroad, have been manufactured
here for fome years past.

In raw cotton they import to the value of 30,000 roubles; in cotton fpun, about 10,000 ditto; and in cotton-stuffs, more than 1,000,000 of roubles. Ruffia is, however, fupplied with the neceffary means of diminishing this expence. The cotton-tree grows very well in Aftracan and in Orenburg. It is even cultivated at Kiflar, and the Tartar-women of the two former countries know how to fpin it very well. It would only require to augment the culture of it, to be fufficient to fupply the wants of home confumption.The root of fwallow-wort, the linagoftris, and the bundfkol, which are found in abun dance about Aftracan, in the Ukraine, the province of Ufa, and on the Don, are very valuable. The linagoltris grows abundantly in Livonia, in Ingermanland, the districts of Zoer, Novogorod, Archang-1 and Siberia. In the month of Augult they might reap an enormous harvest of it.

The down of these plants, mixed with a quarterly proportion of cotton, is well calculated to make excellent stuffs, bonnets, and flockings.

The manna which is gathered in fummer on the ftalks of herbs, and of which a fort of gruel is made, is the particular produce of Livonia. The manna-plant grows in marshy places, and it is found in the diftricts of Pletkow, Polozki, Workwai, Twer, and Smolenski. Abundance of this feed is gathered in Silefia, Poland, and Pruthin; it is smaller than poppyfeed. Buck-wheat is cultivated in fome eftates of the noblefie, but in too fmall quantities to admit of being exported.

was alfo fuitable to the existence of fuch a relation between them; Addifon's being then from feven to nine-and-twenty years; Montagu's, who died in 1761, very old, fearce more than twenty. Addifon ftayed abroad more than a year after the date of his letter from Geneva, in expectation of diplomatic employment. After his return to England, and for the remainder of his life, he lived in an inti mate and familiar friendship with Mr. Montagu, fuch as was likely to be the confequence of their having lived together abroad. It appears from another of the fame letters, that Mr. Montagu agreed to pafs the winter, 1711-12, in Mr. Addifon's house at Kenfington.

following expreffion in one of these letters (of which there is, in the Addifoniana, a copy from a fac-fimile engraving), fhews that Mr. Addison became firt acquainted with Mr. Montagu on the Continent. "I fhall only affure you, (fays he) that I think Mr. Montagu's acquaintance the luckiest adventure that I could poffibly have met with in my travels." Another of the letters in the fame volume is addreffed by Mr. Addison to Mr. Montagu, from the Three Kings Inn at Chateau d'un, on the 23d of July; and it must have been in the year 1699, as Addifon had not at the date of the letter yet departed for Italy. Mr. Addifon there mentions that he expected Mr. Montagu to join him at Chateau d'un, "about a week hence;" but begs him "not to haften against his own inclinations."-From the beginning of Augult, 1699, till that of December in the fame year, Mr. Addifon and Mr. Montagu probably paffed their time together; for, in the letter which I first quoted, and which is dated from Geneva on the 10th of December, 1701, Addifon mentions, that Mr. Montagu and he had" about two years ago" been expofed together to a tempeft in the port of Genoa. It is to be inferred that they failed in the fame veffel from Marfeilles for Genoa, in the beginning of December, 1699. But, if they joined company in France in the beginning of Auguft, and left it together in December, nothing can be more likely than that they should have paffed alfo the intermediate time together. Mr. Montagu appears to have returned from Italy fooner than Mr. Addifon, and not to have taken, in his return, the way over the Alps; for Mr. Addifon, in his letter from Geneva, fpeaks of his own journey over the Alps, as one to the difficulties of which his friend was a ftranger; and mentions that he fuppofed Mr. Mon. tagu to be then in England. In a fhort poftcript he indicates that there was a confidential kindness between them; faying, "I have taken care to manage myfelf according to your kind intimation." Words which may, very poffibly, have a regard to pecuniary matters. If it be confidered that Addison had obtained his penfion for travelling by the patronage of Lord Halifax, and that Wortley Montagu was Lord Halifax's coufin, we fhall find ourselves fo much the more inclined to think it natural for Wortley Montagu to have travelled in part under Addon's direction, The difference of their ages

Another part of Mr. Addifon's Life, of which the accounts may be corrected from the Addifoniana, is that of his courtfhip to the Countefs Dowager of Warwick. The ftory, that he had been tutor to her fon, is quite falfe. How he became first acquainted with that lady, does not appear. But here are two letters, written in the month of May, 1708, to the young Earl, then a boy of not more than eight or nine years of age; from which it appears, that the Earl had then a domeftic tutor, and was reading fome of the eafier claffics; that Addifon had a house of his own in the country, nearly adjacent to the Countefs's feat; and that Addifon, in the country, and perhaps willing thus to ingratiate himfelf with the Countefs, could amufe himfelt by going out with the little boy in fearch of bird's nefts. Addifon was then under-fecretary of state, so that he could not have leifure to take upon him the office of teaching the young Earl the elements of the Latin language. From about that time, however, he became probably a fuitor to the Countess. A paffage in a letter to Mr. Montagu, dated on the 21st of July, 1711, feems to explain the progrefs of the courtship. "I have within this twelvemonth (lays Addifon) loft a place of 2000l. a-year, an eftate in the Indies of 14,000l. and, what is more than all the reft, my miftrefs."From this information it is fair to infer, that the Countefs had very probably agreed to give him her hand before the time when, by the difmiffal of the Whig minifters, and its effects on his fituation, he became, in his own, or in the lady's opinion, too poor to marry a Countess. Another fact, of which we are here informed, is, that he was either abfolutely difappointed of the fortune of his brother, who died in India, or made, at least for a

F 2

time,

time, to fear as much. The character of the Countess of Warwick appears, from account, to have been very nearly that of Sir Roger de Coverley's admired widow in the Spectator. The one was unqueftionably drawn from the other. Much of what is related of Sir Roger's amour was intended to represent the ftate and incidents of Addifon's courtship to the Countefs. In the Guardian, alfo, it seems to have been in view to pay compliments to the Countefs, in part of what is faid of Lady Lizard. In both thefe feries of papers are many little allufions which were intended to be understood by the Countess as hints in favour of Addifon's love.

The papers in the Spectator, which are dated from the country, and mingle their wit, piety and morality, with delcriptions of the fummer appearances of the face of nature, and of rural characters, labours, manners, and amufements, have ever been particularly admired. They are all, or almoft all, by Addifon. But it is from the original letters and other communications in the Addisoniana, that we learn, for the first time, how Addison came to excel fo much in thefe reprefentations of Englith life in the country, fuch as it then actually was. He was accustomed to fpend in the country every day that he could fpare from his official duties. In the country he paffed his time much in the fame manner in which the Spectator is feigned to have amufed himlelf at the feat of Sir Roger. He joined in every amufement with a condefcending philan thropy, and looked ever eagerly around him with the eye of a philofopher and a poet. Hence in writing the Spectators, which are dated from the country, he was merely defcribing thofe realities with which he was the best acquainted, and which had made the most pleasing impreffions on his imagination and his feelings.

The breach in the friendship between Addifon and Steele towards the end of their lives, has been much lamented, though not fully accounted for. It may, however, be explained by putting together feveral particulars which are mentioned in thefe Addifoniana and Swiftiana, and in one or two other late publications. At the time of their greatest intimacy, Steele, by the fortunes acquired by his first and his fecond marriage (both with heireffes), by the income of his appointments under Government, and by the emoluments which he derived from his writings, was little, or nothing at all, lower in fortune

than Addison. His known courage, the wit and good nature of his converfation, the fplendid fuccefs of his efforts as a dramatift, and the unbounded benevolence of his heart, had made him a character of very favourable and fashionable notoriety. Addifon could not then, by his notice confer honour on the character of his old school fellow; but on the contrary, was himself rather a gainer by Steele's notice. In the progre's of the next eight or ten years, their relative conditions altered. Steele's fortunes were impaired by his profufion and his difintereftednefs; Addifon's were by various caufes greatly improved. By the Spectators and by his Cato, Addison attained to reputation much higher than Steele's, in thole very fpecies of writing in which Steele chiefly excelled. It was natural that, in confequence even of these two changes alone, Addifon fhould feel new dignity in the prefence of Steele, Steele, on the other hand, fomewhat of conscious abafement before Addifon. Befides, Addifon, when he became the husband of the Countess of Warwick, was neceflarily withdrawn in part by her ladyship's influence from that fociety and thofe habits in which he had ufed to converse the molt with Steele. And, to complete the feparation, while Addifon, to the laft, adhered to his old patron, the Earl of Halifax, and after his death to the Earl of Sunderland; Steele, in the great divifion between the old and the young Whig leaders, took part with Walpole, who had been his zealous defender when he was expelled the Houfe of Commons, and with Lord Townshend.

The Swiftiana present many fac-fimile fpecimens of the hand-writing of eminent perfons who were in correfpondence with the Deán. But it is remarkable that none of thofe is nearly fo elegant or fo diftinctly legible as that of Swift himself. Very probably Swift, during his refidence with Sir William Temple, might be induced, for his friend's convenience and fatisfaction, to ufe, in writing out his Works, a care for beauty and correctness of manufcript; in confequence of which his handwriting was ever after neat, firm, and diftinct. There is fomething in its appearance that seems to bear the impreffion of the precifion and correctness of his tafte in morals, converfation, politics, and literary compofition. London, December 4, 1803.

ROBERT HERON.

CANTABRIGIANA,

CANTABRIGIANA.

CXXX. MR. RAY, THE NATURALIST.

MR. Ray, the naturalift, was fellow ed men.

of Trinity College, and ejected from his fellowship by the Bartholomew Act. His name was, confequently, inferted in cur lift of ministers ejected from Cambridge. However, J. W, is reminded, it was faid, that "Ray did not properly become a diffenter, but continued to attend the Etablished Church." The following is an accurate statement of that matter, extracted from Dr. Derham's Life of him, prefixed to Mr. Ray's Itineraries.

"During all this period Mr. Ray continued fellow of Trinity College, till the beginning of the Bartholomew Act (in 1661) which requiring a fubfcription against the Solemn League and Covenant, occafioned Mr. Ray to refign his fellow. fhip, he refufing to fign that declaration; but the reafon of his refufal was not (as fome have imagined,) his having taken the Solemn League and Covenant (for that he never did, and often declared, that he ever thought it an unlawful act,) but he faid he could not declare, for thofe that had taken the oath, that no obligation lay upon them; but feared there might. And one thing, that unfortunately then happened was (as Mr. Brokeby informed me) that he was at that time abfent from his college, where he might have met with fatisfaction to his fcruples, and was among fome zealous Non-conformists, who too much influenced him, by the addition of new fcruples. And we may afcribe alfo fomewhat to prejudice of education in unhappy

times."

CXXXI.—A PROPER MOTTO for KING's

COLLEGE CHAPEL.

This chapel has already been fpoken of, as the most beautiful Gothic chapel in Europe. The fociety, therefore, may adopt this motto:

Ut Rofa flos florum,

.Sic eft domus ifta domorum.

As fhines the Rofe, the flower of flowers,
Midft chapels fo this chapel of ours.

CXXXII. CURIOUS BOOKS.

An occafion offered itfelf fome time fince of noticing fome curious books in different colleges of Cambridge. The following fhould not be omitted:-A feries of manufcript letters between Sir Ifaac Newton and Mr. Cores.-Sir Ifaac New

tons own copy of the Principia corrected by himself for a new edition, with Dr. Halley's Latin verfes, corrected by Dr. Bentley. This book has defcended from Sir Ifaac to the prefent mathematical tutor,

Mr. Jones. A MS. feries of a correfpondence between Dr. Bentley and other learnDr. Bentley's copy of Homer, with the Digamma. This was conveyed to Heyne, and made ufe of in his fplendid edition of Homer. All the above are at Trinity College. Dr. Taylor's copy of Homer; (the Glasgow edition,) it has the Digamma in various places to nearly the end of the first volume. This is among the numerous writings of Dr. Taylor in the public library.- I'wo copies of Taverner's edition of the New Teftament, A. D. 1539; one in the Univer fity library, the other in St. John's. The following extract is made from Mal ters's Life of Baker, and is copied from Baker's Notes. "This Tranflation of the bible is a great rarity, for which the tranflator is faid to have been sent to the Tower, but for what reafon cannot eafily be found, only he was then, or foon after looked upon as heretically inclined; and the king's famous Bible being printed the next year, from which this varies confiderably, offence might be justly taken; and yet it is printed by licentes and dedicated to the king.

This tranflation feems for the most part according to that of Tyndall, which was poffibly one thing that might give offence, he being burnt for an heretic."

CXXXIII. GRAY, THE POET. Those who remember Mr. Gray, when at the univerfity, will recollect that he was a little prim faftidious man, diltinguifhed by a thort fhuffling ftep. He commonly held up his gown behind with one of his hands, at the fame time, cocking up his chin, and perking up his nofe. Chriftopher Smart, who was contemporary with him at Pembroke, ufed to fay," that Gray walked as if he had fouled his fmall

clothes, and looked as if he imelt it." CXXXIV.A LATE PLUMIAN PROFES

SOR.

A late Plumian profeffor of aftronomy was once addreffed in company, as the Plumbian profeffor. This, most probably, nettled him. A gentleman fitting by archly obferved, See! How that little b ftings the profeffor.

CXXXV. DR. FARMER.

Dr. Farmer is only known as a Commentator on Shakespear. The following lines, written by him, when a young man, fhew that he might have been a poet, had he cultivated his talent. They are extracted from "the Gratulationes ct Luctus," published at Cambridge in 1755. As the original work is in the hands of few people, the enfuing extract cannot

fail

fail of being acceptable. They are addreffed to Thomas Hollis, Duke of Newcaftle, when he vifited the university, for the purpose of authorizing the repair and enlargement of the public library.

Hafte, young-ey'd May, and gently pour
From bofom green thy balmy store;
Bid violets paint their azure beds,
And daffodil, with painted heads,
And tulip gilt, and primrofe fair,
Sweetly catch the laughing air.
Bring Joy along, thy eldest born,
And Plenty, with her flowing horn.
Whilft birds of many a various wing
To Cam in wildeft wood-notes ring,
Who fees approach his fedgy throne
The ftate's great patron, and his own.
Hail, Pelham, by whofe favourite hand
Peace yet ftrews olives round the land.
See Europe's groans betray defpair,
Her trembling balance afks thy care;
And if no human art can guide,
The pendant weight on either fide;
If facred George at length fhall ceafe
To bid the world be bleft in peace,
Of crowns in vain fhall Lewis dream-
His fcale fhall mount and kick the beam.
Whence, then, Britannia, the big tear,
Leaft fong detain thy patriot's ear?
His noble breaft at once is free
To guard the much-lov'd Mufe and thee.
See learning mark his chofen way,
With many a beam of early day,
And cow'ring Ignorance give place
To Science with averted face,
While Pelham bids the column rife,
And tell his bounty to the fkies.
Now fmiles old Cam, and scatter'd finds
His Gothic duft the fport of winds,
Nor envies Ifis, who ere while
Boasted her maufoleum pile;
On domes depends not Pelham's fame,
But be they founded on his name.
Hafte, ye Mufes, to prepare

Sweet flowrets for your guardian's care.
Beneath his banner .fafe engage
And brave the Vandals of the age.
For him your choiceft laurels bring
Who lifts e'en one on Fancy's wing.
For him let nature's face be gay,
All be mirth and holiday.
But when the ruddy eve fteals on
And tips the grove with mantle brown,
When fwings the folemn curfeu flow,
Far abfent be, thou bird of woe,

Nor close the day with darkness drear,
This fairest daughter of the year.
CXXXVI-INSTANCE of PROFUNDITY

in a CAMBRIDGE ANTIQUARY.

out were paffed by. We left to his friends to particularize his illiberality and meanness. For it was from Mr. Masters, his brother antiquary, author of the Hiftory of Bene't College, who knew him for zo years, that our extract was made; and, indeed, his illiberality was almost proverbial in the univerfity. His bigotry occafioned him to be called Cardinal Cole, and hence the report, probably, that he was a Roman Catholic. Before his papers were put under lock and key, his trustees, it is faid, burnt fome, containing more private fcandal, and frivolous memoranda, relative to his univerfity-acquaintance, than it was thought necessary to publish.

Cum flueret lutulentus, erat quod tollere velles.

Muddy he flowed, and from a ftream fo foul Much roll'd, that you might wish to bear

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Enough ftill remains of thefe Sibyls leaves, to befpeak the littlenefs of Mr. Cole, maximus in minimis. Having occafion to mention an honest countryfquire, in Cambridgeshire, his friend, he is careful to inform you, that he had a low-lived drunken brother. On mentioning a young man, the fon of a friend, (the most profligate that ever was at a univerfity, according to Cole,) who at length was an oftler in London, came down to Cambridge to beg, &c. &c. our memorialift takes care to inform you that his father was the Rev. Mr. and what preferment he held. Mifs of Cambridge, who alfo, was, probably, his friend, it seems, O pofterity! married a little drunken breeches-maker, and his friend Mr. aftertutor of wards mafter of College, was, we are given to understand, the fon of a barber in Cambridge, &c. Hear this,

Γράντης ιερα τεκνα και υιέες Οξονίδιο, But every thing has its ufe, as the nightman faid, when he emptied his cart.

However, being in queft of what was good in thefe papers, we overlooked what was trifling or base; and all the ufe we have made of them, may be seen in a former number.

I have fearch'd thro' four volumes, and find

on the whole,

That truly thou art but as black as a coal'; But I'll read thee no more, left I find fo much evil,

As to think thee at laft full as black as the

devil.

An account has been already given of Mr. Cole's papers in the British Mufeum, and respect expreffed for what appeared to have a useful tendency. His littleness CXXXVII.DR. JEBB. was but curforily noticed, and mifrepre- Sir Richard Jebb, the coufin of Dr. fentations, which might have been pointed Jebb, was phyfician to the King. His

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