mangle, is included under this patent. The fubftance may either be passed through the rollers, wrapped round the rollers, or laid under them. There is also to be included under this invention, the apparatus of a roller or rollers turning round with the hemp or flax, which is to be beaten,

when turning round, with mallets or ftampers. The last process is that of wetting, fealding, boiling, or bucking the hemp or flax, and laying it out for a proper time expofed to the weather, to free it from the mucilage and bark, and, when dry, to be beaten, crushed, or rolled.

THE

HE Manuscript of the first, or preliminary volume, of the Life of General Washington, has reached London, and the Work is to appear, both in this Metropolis and in Philadelphia, on the 15th of May. It is compiled from the Papers of the illuftrious General, by the Chief Juftice of the United States, Mr. MARSHALL, who lived many years with Washington on terms of the clofeft intimacy; and it is published under the fuperintendance of the Hon. BUSHROD WASHINGTON, the nephew and heir of the General. So great has been the expectation excited towards this valuable and authentic Hiftory, that we understand the fum of feventy thousand dollars has been given for the American copyright, and one thousand guineas for the English copyright.

We have reason to believe, that Mr. BELSHAM is preparing a Life of Dr. Priestley, from materials chiefly written by the Doctor himself.

The Authorefs of Memoirs of Dr. Darwin, fince they were published, has difcovered, on the atteftation of his family, and of other persons prefent at the juncture, that the ftatement given of his exclamation, page 406, on the death of Mr. Erafmus Darwin, is entirely without foundation; and that the Doctor, on that me lancholy event, gave, amongft his own family, proofs of ftrong fenfibility at the time, and of fucceeding regard to the memory of his fon, which he feemed to have a pride in concealing from the world. In juftice to his memory, the is defirous to correct the misinformation fhe had received. An Introduction to Botany, published by Dr. BARTON, at Philadelphia, is reprinting here, with alterations adapting the work to this country, in one volume.

Mifs EDGEWORTH's Popular Tales, in three volumes, are now ready for deli

very.

The Rev. JOHN EDWARDS, formerly of Birmingham, has begun to deliver a Course of very Interesting Lectures upon Subjects of Belles Lettres, at Free-mafon's Hall, Great Queen-ftreet.-The fub, jets are, Tafte, Genius, Wit, Humour, Ridicule, Memory, Imagination, Beauty, Grandeur, Sublimity; with an intoductory Lecture, and alfo a concluding

one.

Dr. TURNER has in the prefs a work, in one volume, octavo, entitled the Principles of the Newtonian Philofophy; or, a Mathematical Demonftration of the Properties of Matter; of the Air, Heat, Cold, Light, and its Effects; of the Properties of the Ocean; Rivers, Mountains, &c.

There has just been imported from Philadelphia, the Journal of ANDREW ELLICOTT, late Commiffioner on behalf of the United States, for determining the Boundary between the United States and the Poffeffions of his Catholic Majefty in America; containing Remarks on the Situation, Soil, Rivers, Natural Productions, and Difeafes of the different Countries on the Ohio, Miffiffippi, and Gulf of Mexico, with maps, in quarto.

A View of the Climate and Soil of the United States of America; with fome Account of Florida, the French Colony on the Scioto, certain Canadian Colonies, and the Savages or Natives; tranflated from the French of C. F. VOLNEY, in one large volume, in octavo, will be published in a few days.

Proposals have been circulated for printing, by fubfcription, in one volume, 4to. the Pofthumous Letters of Philanthropos to Selath. The publication devolves upon the editor, by virtue of the laft will of the author, lately deceased; whose name cannot be known before the expiration of twelve months after the final impreffion and publication of the work.

The

The third volume of Mr. HAYLEY'S Life of Mr. Cowper, confifting principally of his Letters; to which are prefixed, Defultory Remarks on the Letters of Eminent Perfons, particularly thofe of Pope and Cowper, will be published the first week in May.

An edition of CowPER's Poems, in two volumes, fool cap octavo, printed on Whatman's finelt paper, in Bentley's beft ftyle, ornamented with coloured plates, will be ready by the middle of May.

Mr. RATHBONE's Narrative of Events that have lately taken place in Ireland among the Society called Quakers; with correfponding Documents and occafional Obfervations, is ready for publication.

Mr. W. P. RUSSELL has announced, a Challenge to all England, in a new Vo. cabulary of the English Language; arranged in a Manner different from every preceding Writer, and pointing out Errors that have been fanctioned by long Ufage.

The Rev. JAMES PLAYFAIR, Minister of Bendothy, has a work ready for the prefs, on the Care and Knowledge of Bees, their Management and Natural Hiftory; containing an Account of the fingular Mode of Generation by which they are produced. Illuftrated by eighteen plates. The firit part is of a practical nature, treating of the management of bees; the fecond contains diffections and defcriptions of the body of the bee and queen and drone, with drawings of the fame.

Mr. PARKINSON, author of several excellent Medical Works, has, in confidera ble forwardness, a Treatife on the Organic Remains of the former World.

Mr. CHURCHMAN, author of the Magnetical Charts, has propofed an improve ment in the conftruction of maps, by which the altitude, declivity, and perpendicular height of the hills and mountains throughout any country can be exhibited. This plan confifts in tracing certain lines over the furfaces of the parts intended to be to marked, and is applicable to maps already published, if conftructed by a proper furvey. The lines are rendered efficient for the purpose propofed, by employing with them an univerfal proportion to alcertain their refpective indications.

An edition of Spencer, and one of Warton's Dryden, are in a state of confiderable forwardnefs.

A new edition of Sir JAMES STEWART's Inquiry into the Principles of Political Economy, with Memoirs of the Author, will speedily be published by his fon, the prefent baronet, in fix volumes, 8vo.

Sir JOHN SINCLAIR is preparing for the prefs the third and last volume of his Hiftory of the Revenue.

A third volume of Dr. DRAKE'S Literary Hours may be daily expected. The Afiatic Annual Regifter for 1803 1803 will be published in a few days.

The tranflation of KLAPROTH'S fecond volume of Analytical Effays, towards promoting the chemical knowledge of mineral fubftances, will be fpeedily published.

Mr. COOPER, of Hamftell, near Litch field, is about to publish a volume of Ser

mons.

Mr. CARD, author of the Revolutions in Ruffia, will shortly publish an Hiftorical Outline of the Rife and Eftablishment of the Papal Power, intended to be addreffed to the Catholics of Ireland.

Memoirs of the Life of Dr. JAMES BEATTIE, with aView of the State of Literature in Scotland during the last Century may be expected this month, from the pen of Mr. ALEXANDER BOWYER.

The Rev. S. GIRLE, of Lancaster, has announced a volume of Sermons on Practical Subjects, for the Use of Families.

Mr. CLARKE'S Progrefs of Maritime Discovery is tranflating into the German language, by M. WEYLAND, of Weimar.

Mr. JOHN NORTON, of Roll's Buildings, Fetter Lane, has invented a new fyphon, which may be eafily filled without the neceffity of employing an air pump, At the bottom of the fhorter leg is a valve opening upwards, and to the bottom of the longer leg is fitted a plug, which is put in while the fyphon is filling at the bended part, where there are fmall projecting tubes for giving vent to the air during the filling; the fyphon is then plunged into the fluid, the plugs in the upper part of the fyphon fixed in, and that in the lower part of the longer leg taken out; the fluid will begin running, and of courfe the valve at the end of the shorter leg will open, and the fyphon act as in common cafes.

Mr. CHRISTOPHER PERKINS, of Stockton, Durham, has invented a thrashing-mill, capable of thrashing out 20 bushels of oats in one hour, and 12 fheaves of wheat in less than four minutes. Twelve feet in the barn gives fufficient length for the machine, as well as the management of it, but as it ftands close to the wall, it does not project above four feet. The horse-wheel is upon a perfectly new principle, and entirely put together with fcrew-bolts. Though one horse is capable of turning the mill, a provifion

3D 2

is

is always made for yoking two. The horfe tract is 20 feet in diameter with the pofts or pillars, and confequently the center of the perpendicular shaft of the wheel is not less than ten feet from the wall of the barn.

Mr. G. LINDLEY, of Catton, Norfolk, has fucceeded in faving a crop of Swedish turnips from the fly, by fowing radishes with the feed. Upon the firft appearance of the plants, they were attacked by the fly, fo that the lofs of the crop feemed in evitable. A drag-rake was drawn over the ground every other day, four or five times; the ftirring of the ground contributed to the growth of the turnip, and to disturb the flies, fo that it was fome hours before they could fettle to refume their depredations. The radish was found to be the particulr object of their prey, and in many places of feveral fquare feet there was not a plant left; while in ethers they were much too numerous for the quantity of feed allowed. In thofe places where the radishes were miffed, the feed was fwept clean cff, where they were nu merous the turnips were all fafe and vigorous.

Dr. STENHOUSE, of Edinburgh, has adopted a method for the cure of the gout, no less important for its fimplicity than the almoft inftantaneous fuccefs with which it is attended. The method is no more than holding the affected part over hot or boiling water. Gout he confiders as proceeding from obftruction. By the action of team the fibres are relaxed, or, what is the same thing, the preffure of the common atmosphere is diminished, and the cure of courfe follows. To confirm this theory by facts, the doctor relates his practice upon himself in two inftances, He was first attacked in the hand; when the fit had acquired its laft ftage, both in pain and fwelling, he held his hand over a common tureen full of boiling water. In a few minutes the pain abated, and in 25 minutes entirely fubfided: and, had it not been for the fwelling, he could have ufed his hand as well as if nothing had happened. The fecond attack was in his foot, which he allowed to proceed for 24 hours. He then fufpended it over a pail nearly full of boiling water, and covered it with flannel. In the courfe of an hour he was free from pain, and walked about the room as ufual. The Doctor obferves, that in cafe his ftomach or bowels fhall be attacked he will immerfe his whole body in a hogfhead of fteam. He has been in good health and free from gout ever fince he tried thefe

re

M. M. HUZARD and TESSIER have been trying at Rambouillet, the fult of iuffering the wool to grow for fe, veral years fucceffively on a few theep. Laft feafon fome of thefe fheep were fhorn for the fift time these three years, and it was found that the wool of one fleece was equal in length to three others together, and produced a larger fum.

M. FABRONI mentions a method of preferving pulle from the depredation of weevils, by which their quantity is diminifhed one-fourth or more. It confifts in keeping them in cafks or facks with afhes" or lime, from which they are eatly cleansed when wanted for ule.

M. HUMBOLDT, the celebrated traveller, has defcended into the crater of the volcano of Torcello, which still burns, to the depth of feventy toifes, within fif teen from the bottom. His examination of this volcano, which has existed only fince the 29th of September, 1759, will, it is expected, throw considerable light on the nature of these terrible phenomena.

Fresh meat, beef and mution, have been p eferved in a found ftate, after a voyage to the West Indies, by the follow ing method: As foon as the meat is cold, it must be cut up in quarters, and (prinkled it with the following ingredients: lignum vitæ in fine chips one pound, common falt four ounces, coarfe fugar four ounces, falt prunella half an ounce; when it has been well iprinkled in, close the whole in sheet lead, lay it in a cheft, and fill in with fresh faw-dust. Meat fo prepared has been kept two months in the finest order. When taken out to be dreffed it should be wiped and feraped clean, and roafted as quick as poffible.

Dr. KEUTSCH has found that friction with oil is highly useful in curing fevers which are peculiar to the Weft India islands. It produces strong perfpiration, and checks the vomiting. In fome cafes the effect of friction is rendered more efficacious by adding camphor to the oil.

Dr.

Dr. JENNER has prefented Dr. CAR Ro, of Vienna, a fnuff-box, with this in feription, Edward Jenner to Jean de Carro, as a token of his esteem and gra titude, for Dr. Carro's having fiift diffufed the practice of vaccination on the Contipent, and for tranfplanting the vaccine matter into Afia.

We learn from Rome, that the prefent Pope fhews every inclination, as far as his flender revenue will permit, to encourage the arts. Canova's Per'eus has been placed in the Museum of the Vatican. Engravings have befides been made of a number of ancient ftatues and has-reliefs, which have hitherto been neglected. The fubterraneous refearches at Oftia go on with confiderable, fuccefs, befides a number of pillars, ftatues, and pieces of Mofaic work, 800 coins have been found, chiefly bronze, and for the most part of the times of Trajan and Adrian; among them are two very rare ones of Pertinax. Architecture, it is alfo expected, will receive a rich acceffion from the antiquities of the fame age, in the difcovery of fome of thofe very rare porphyry ftones, Nero antico. New refearches have alfo begun to be made at the foot of the Capitol, and the Triumphal Arch of Septimius Severus. At the depth of 12 feet, the bafes of the pillars have been laid open, and are difcovered to be adorned all around with the most beautiful bas-reliefs. Similar refearches have been begun around the Temple of Fauftina, and other parts of the Campo Vaccino. Among the foreign artifts at prefent refident in Rome, the Danish ftatuary, THOR WALDSON, has peculiarly diftinguished himself, and is likely to prove a dangerous rival to CANOVA. He has been there for the last fix years, and has in that time sent several small pieces to England; but his laft work chiefly ef tablished his reputation as a great artist. This piece is a Jafon, as large as the life, at the moment he has got poffeffion of the golden fleece; and it is locked upon as one of the most beautiful pieces of fculpture in modern times. He has now begun upon the fame figure again in a beautiful block of marble for Mr. Hope, of Amfterdam, who has agreed to give 800 ducats for it. He is befides employed on a bas-relief which reprefents the taking away of Brifeis from the tent of Achilles. The rooms in the galleries at Florence, which have been for fome time past shut, have again been opened, and the ftatues and paintings which had been carried away from them have, as far as poffible, been restored,

A gentleman of the government of Woronefe lately purchased from Prince Truboskoi, fix thousand peasants; and at the fame time put it in their power to purchafe their freedom by reimburfing to him the fum given to the Prince. The first ufe which these peasants made of their liberty, was to write to his Imperial Majefty, thanking him for the edict which authorifes these transactions; and asking permiffion from him to build, at their own expence, a church, under the name of the gentleman to whom they owed their new fituation. The fame letter contains an offer to make a canal themselves, fif teen verfts in length, which would facili tate an intercourfe of the greatest importance to commercial industry.

The obfervatory at Paris has lately made the valuable acquifition of an excellent meridian lunette. It is eight feet long, with an objective glass of four inches in diameter. This noble inftrument had been ordered in London, by M. de CASSINI, was begun by Ramfden, and is finifhed by his fucceffor M. Berge. This meridian lunette is intended to replace the ancient one.

Some experiments of cultivation, with refpect to exotics, are now making in the gardens De la Venerie, at Turin, the refults of which have been communicated to the Senator CORNUDET. Among the plants fubmitted to thefe trials are the linus of Egypt, now more than a metre in height, the earthamus or saffron, of the fame country, the indigo tree, and the fee or rice, of the Ifle of France, the nopal, with living cochineal, cotton-trees, potatoes of America, Egyptian foda, pastels, and many leguminous plants from the colonies. All these plants or fhrubs are in excellent condition. Many of them have flowers; others afford hopes of fruit at no great distance.

The King of Denmark has lately grinted to Meffrs ELIAS GRUNER, and Co. the privilege of expediting by the poft, the Sound Lift; that is to fay, the amount of the number of fhips that pafs that ftreight, with the name of the captains, the state of the cargoes, their arrival, departure, defignation, &c. to which will be annexed the details of the daily temperature, &c. in fine, all the news of Elfinoer, which have any relation to commerce and navigation, fuch as fhipwrecks, &c. By this means foreign merchants will have it in their power to procure regularly, and at a moderate price, very valuable documents, which cannot otherwife be had but with great difficulty.

The

The editor of the Annales des Artes having inferted in that journal an Account of Lord DUNDONALD'SProcess for extract ing a gum from lichens, Dr. ROBERT of the univerfity of Montpellier fent him fome remarks relative to that subject; from which it appears, that a fimilar discovery was made feveral years ago by M. M. HOFFMANN and AMOREUX, who publifhed it in their Treatife on Lichens, which gained the prize offered by the Academy of Lyons in 1786, and from which it is evident, that they prepared a true gum from lichens, Nor were they the first difcoverers: they followed and cited the experiments made by Dr. Georgi, (in the Memoirs of the Academy of Peterburg, 1779, who afferts that he had obtained from lichen, farinaceus, glaucus, phyfodes, and pulmonarius, a mucilage, which, on drying, becomes tranfparent, and poffeffes the other properties of gum Arabic. Four fpecies are here faid to have yielded gum: and Lord Dundonald does not feem to have obtained it from the fame fpecies, as he tells us, that the lichen is fometimes from 12 to 13 feet in length; fo that thefe trees bend under their weight: which cannot be underflood of any other fpecies but the filamentous lichens. This, how ever (adds Dr. Robert) does not detract from the merit of Lord Dundonald, who had never seen the works quoted above.

The French government intends to erect in the centre of the Place Vendome at Paris, a column fimilar to that erected at Rome to the honour of Trajan. This column is to be two metres, feventy-three centimetres in diameter, and twenty metres, leventy-eight centimetres in height. The fhaft will be adorned with one hundred and eight allegorical figures in bronze, reprefenting the departments of the republic. On a pedestal at top is to be placed a pedestrian statue of the Emperor Charlemagne.

The Emperor ALEXANDER continues to give proofs of his zeal for the diffufion of knowledge among his fubjects. For this purpose it has been ordered, that at the University of Mofcow, befides the ufual lectures to the students, lectures are read for the public at large, on natural hiftory, phyfics, commercial fcience, and the hiftory of the European ftates.

The Atheneum of Vauclufe has refolved to erect there a monument in honour of Petrarca. This monument is to be dedicated, on the 20th of July next, the birth-day of the poet, who was born at Arezzo, in 1304, exactly five hundred years before this commemoration.

The order of Jefuits is fenfibly increafing in Ruffia. They have lately obtained permiffion to form establishments at Riga, Aftracan, Jaffa, and Odessa.

A feminary was lately projected in Ruffia, for the education of the teachers of schools: it was opened on the 15th of January with great folemnity.

FULGONI has lately published in Rome, Relazione di un Viaggio ad Oftia, &c, or an Account of a Journey to Offia, and Pliny's Villa, named Laurentinum, made by Counsellor CHARLES FEA, President of the Antiquities at Rome, and of the Mufæum in the Capitol. This learned antiquarian gives an interesting account of the exertions which are now making in the neighbourhood of Oftia, by command of Pius VII. to recover fome valuable antiques in room of those of which Rome has been deprived by the French; and of the fuc cels which has hitherto attended these exertions. M. Fea found feveral ruins of the. ancient Via Oftienfis, and various lapidary infcriptions, one of which he discovered on the tomb of a rich debauchee, of Tralles, in Afia Minor, who was buried there, after having spent a large furtune at Rome, and in the baths of Baixe. From the ruins of the ancient Oftia, it should feem that the place was laid waste in the fixth century, during the invasion of the Goths, and not by the Saracens. One hundred galley-flaves are employed in this work, who, in addition to their usual wages, receive rewards in proportion to the value of what they difcover.

VIEWEG, in Bruntwick, has published a very interefting Account of the Prefent State of Midwifery in Paris, &c. by C. R. W. WIEDEMAN, M.D.

M. B. BERGMAN, who has spent three years among the Kalmucs, is about to publish a work, entitled Mongolian Papers collected in the Country of the Kalmucs. It will confift of five volumes, 8vo.

A Practical Manual of Planting has been publifhed at Paris, with Plates, by ETIENNE CALVEL. The principles of planting are here difplayed in the most clear and correct point of view. The nature of the foils, the choice of trees, the method of planting, transplanting, and rearing them, with obfervations and experiments, are given, fo as to render this a moft valuable book to the planter and farmer.

Dr. GUENSEL, at Stockholm, who has spent several years in Lapland, is preparing for the prefs a Defcriptive Account of the Natural Productions of that Country.

A letter