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1791. On the 6th of May, the weather was still fo cold at New Herrnhut, that a Greenland boy, who had gone out a fhort diftance, was nearly frozen to death, and it was found necessary to carry him home. So late as the 14th of May, the ground was covered with a confiderable quantity of fnow, and the cold continued fettled. With the exception of a few days, the weather was rough and cold, and as much fnow as in the middle of winter. In June it rained almoft continually, till the 15th; but after the 17th, the weather became clear and warm on the ift of July, however, the froft returned with fuch violence, that fome meffengers, who had come to Herrn hut upon bufinefs, could not leave that place. On the 3d of November, the weather was as fine and mild as in fummer, and very little fnow fell about this time. The Greenlanders daily brought home with them whole facks-full of berries from a high mountain at the diftance of fix miles.

In the garden of the Miffionaries, at Okkak, the foow lay fo late as the end of May, from nine to ten feet deep; and they were obliged to fhovel it from a part of their garden, to enable them to low fome feeds. On one fide of the church it was ftill twenty feet high on the 17th of June; and preffed fo ftrongly against it, as to force the walls out of the perpendicular. Never before had the Miffionaries been fo deeply buried under the fnow, as during this year. They could not find an opportunity to fow their garden earlier than the 24th of June, and two days after, the ground was again covered with a deep fall of fnow. The ice on the fhore continued till the 16th of July, when it fuddenly difappeared in one night. In Nain, likewife, the weather in June was ftill wintry; and fo late as the 2d of July, the Efkimaux Indians caught five feals on the ice, and drove about upon it with their fledges; but on the following day the ice broke, and on the 5th of July the first kayeks were launched into the fea.

At Lichtenau, in the year 1792, the 2d of May was a very warm day, and the fheep were driven out to the paffures. On the 14th the Miffionaries fowed their gar den.

On the 30th of December, the thermometer of Reaumur was at Herrnhut fo low as I 15 degrees, and the cold exceffively fevere. In January, the weather was as mild as had ever been remembered there at that feafon. The thermometer generally food above the freezing-point. At the

beginning of February, the froft set in. On the 3d, the thermometer was at degrees, and on the 5th, at -23 grees of Fahrenheit. About the midd of July, the heat was so great, that t thermometer of Fahrenheit rose to + degrees.

1793. On the 3d of February, ar the days immediately following, the the mometer ftood, at New Herrnhut, 19 degrees; and on the 24th March, at 23 degrees Reaumur.About the end of May, it fnowed fo vi lently, as to prevent fome of the meetin for divine fervice, which are usually he about the time of Pentecost.

On the 8th of February, the therm meter of Fahrenheit fell fo low as degrees at Hoffenthal; and the froft w fo cutting, that for feveral days the M fionaries were unable to ftir out of doors.

1794. On the 11th of February, t degree of cold at New Herrnhut was degrees of Reaumur. A Greenlander an his two fons were under the neceffity paffing the whole night among the ice the fea: they returned home, howeve fafe the next morning. On the 10th December, the cold at the fame place w eighteen degrees of Reaumur. In t morning, the Miffionaries found the w ter frozen in the tea kettles on the ftow although a large fire had been kept up it on the preceding evening. Abo Christmas, the weather was very mild Greenland. In Lichtenau, the heat in t hall where the congregation met for d vine fervice, was fo great, as to be ve difagreeable, and even almost intolerabl In Labrador, the winter-months of th year do not feem to have been diftinguif ed by any thing extraordinary.

1795-On the 8th of January, the arofe fuddenly at New Herrnhut a ftror fouth-eaft wind, which was as warm as it blew out of an oven. At the far time it rained with fuch violence, that t water rushed into the houfe. On t 10th, this form increafed to a dreadf hurricane, which threw down the ftor houfe of the Greenlanders, and threaten the ruin of the dwelling of the Miffio aries, which was much out of repair.. At Lichtenfels, likewife, there arofe," the 16th of January, a ftorm from t fouth-eaft, which lafted the whole day, an was fo violent, that the oldeft of th Greenlanders and Europeans did not r member ever to have feen the like of it.And for fome time after, the weather lik wife continued ftill very mild, and frequen

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ly even warm. On the whole, the Miffion aries had never before enjoyed fo mild a winter in Greenland.-(In Europe, on the contrary, this winter was extraordi. narily fevere.) The 24th and 25th of June were distinguished by almoft continual ftorms, with vivid flashes of light ning and very loud claps of thunder. As this is very unutual in that country, (for, at least in North Greenland, the lightning is generally feen without hearing any accompanying clap of thunder,) the Greenlanders were very much terrified, and remained in their tents. On the 7th of July, there was likewise a violent ftorm at New Herrnhut, where the clap frequently immediately fucceeded the flash, with a moft dreadful repercuffion among the high mountains, from which large fragments of rock were precipitated into

the fea.

In Labrador, there was finer weather during the whole of the latter half of January, than the oldest inhabitant in Nain remembered to have feen at this feafon of the year: every day, fun-fhine, without wind, and the cold very moderate. In the night of the 4th and 5th of Auguit, there was a very violent thunder ftorm, accompanied with much rain.

1796. On the 14th of June, the Miffionaries at Lichtenfels finished their fpring-work in the garden; while on the outfide of the garden-wall the fnow ftill lay fome fathoms deep. At New Herrnhut they had already, on the 27th of May, fown a part of their garden with turnips. But this crop was afterwards entirely deftroyed by the severity of the froft; fo that they had to do this work over again about the middle of June. Towards the end of July, the weather was fo warm at Lichtenau, and the flies fo numerous, that it was almoft impoffible to remain out of doors, and it was found neceffary to keep the sheep all day under cover. In the middle of Auguft, there was at Lichtenau a ftorm, with fnow and rain, and then they heard the thunder, but could not fee any lightning. On the 10th of November, the air was fo denfe, without, however, either fnow or rain, that the morning-fervice and the fchool could not be attended. About noon it was ftill fo dark, that the Miffionaries were obliged to have a lamp burning on the table at dinner. About the end of November, the weather was very mild at New Herrnhut, with much rain, as in fpring. The fnow began to decrease, and the rivulets to flow

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in their ufual channels. On the 14th of December, the air was as warm at New Herrnhut, as if it had come out of an oven. The inhabitants considered this as the forerunner of a storm, which accordingly foon after fuddenly arofe, and raged with fuch violence and impetuofity, that the house of the Miflionaries was fhaken to the foundation.

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In Labrador, the cold was extraordinarily fevere during the whole of January, and the thermometer of Fahrenheit generally stood at betwixt 15 and degrees. Towards the end of July, the heat became almoft intolerable. The thermometer rofe to +85 degrees. At the end of Auguft, the fummer fuddenly clofed with a violent thunder-ftorm. The weather, however, became changeable again in September, and continued so till

the month of December.

1797.-About the beginning of April, the thermometer was twenty degrees below the freezing-point. On the ad of Auguft, there was a violent thunderform at Lichtenfels, accompanied with much rain; and the fky was so obscured, that the Miffionaries were obliged to use a lamp at noon. About the beginning of September, the fevere frofts at night obliged the Miffionaries to haften the harvefting of the produce of their garden.Befides the ufual crops, turnips and cole, they had planted fome potatoes, which grew larger this time than those they had tried before. The captain of an English fhip had furnished them with a small quantity of this root, which is a great rarity there. Two of them they set in a pot placed in the warm room, where they grew till the weather permitted their being tranfplanted into the garden. The produce was eighty-feven potatoes, the largest of which were of the fize of a hen's egg.

In Labrador, the cold was fo fevere in January, that at Okkak the thermometer ftood at → 36 degrees of Fahrenheit, and continued fo during the whole of the month of February. In this moft northerly place the heat was likewife greater this year; the thermometer rifing as high as 76 degrees of Fahrenheit.

1798. In Greenland, the winter of 1798-9 was very mild, and not diftinguished by much ftormy weather. But in June 1798, there was frequently much boisterous and cold weather, accompanied with fnow. Even in the most foutherly community, Lichtenau, it showed on the

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21ft, the longest day of the year, from early in the morning till noon.

In Terra Labrador, a very fevere froft prevailed during the firft months of the year. The thermometer fell at Okkak to - 30 degrees of Fahrenheit; and at Nain, fo late as the 2d of May, to -- 23 degrees. There happened, likewife, fuch a fall of fnow, that at Okkak it drifted from the monntains around the houses to the height of twenty feet, and was heaped up about the church as high as the roof. A European woman having died, they were obliged to depofit the body among the fnow, not being able to bury it till fpring. This year the fummer was not indeed fo warm as the preceding; the thermometer of Fahrenheit, however, rose once at Nain higher than feventy degrees. But there fuddenly enfued a very great change: in the fort space of half an hour, it fell more than thirty degrees; and on the following day the fea was covered with a thin coat of new ice.

1799. In the winter-months at the end of this year, the weather was uncommonly mild in Greenland. At Lichtenau and other places, the thermometer ftood in December for the most part a few degrees above the freezing point. There fell likewife but little fnow.

towards the earth. This phenomenon was likewife obferved about the fame time at New Herinhut, and Lichtenau, in Greenland, (at a distance of about one hundred miles ;) from which circumstance fome conjecture may be made relative to the height of the region where these meteors were formed.

1800. In the beginning of this year, the weather continued ftill uncommonly mild. either is any mention made of fevere froft or fnow in the Journals of the Labrador Miffionaries. Very little fnow fell in Greenland the whole winter. It thawed fo early, that in January the earth was already as dry as otherwife in fummer, and that the sheep found their daily food out of doors. In the northern parts of Europe, on the contrary, a very fevere froft prevailed about the fame time, with a deep now, which lay a long time on the ground. The fummer of this year mult likewife have been unpropitious in Greenland, for the turnips fown in the garden at New Herrnhut were very fmall. They were pulled, or rather dug up with much trouble on the 24th of September, and following days; the earth being already frozen, and covered with deep fnow.

1801. From the 14th of January, the cold continued to increase in Greenland. In the meeting hall, at New Herrnhut, the organ was wholly covered with a thick rime, fo that it could not be played; which had never happened before. Several old Greenlanders remarked, when, after the middle of April, the froft and fnow fill continued, that it feemed as if their country became worse and worse; for when formerly the Sun was fo high as at this feafon, the air had been milder, and little fnow; but now, every returning fpring, it feemed as if the frofty weather would never cease.

In Labrador, the fummer was moftly ftormy and wintry. On the 10th of June the fnow fell a quarter of an ell deep; and the bay near Nain was not quite free from ice till towards the end of that month. The frost deftroyed almost all the potatoes. In Okkak the fnow began to thaw on the ground; but immediately after, it fnowed again; and on the 24th of May, two Efkimaux Indians arrived, who had travelled with their fledges on the ice. To wards the end of June, it again froze fo hard, that the whole of the bay near Okkak was covered with a thin coating of ice in one night. Many of the gardenplants were deftroyed by the froft, and the greateft part of what was left was devoured by the mice and birds. On the 11th of Augut, the whole of the coast near Rely upon your impartiality for the Okkak, and the fea, as far as it could be infertion of a few curfory obfervati thence difcerned, was ftill covered with ons on a letter figned CEDIPUS in your ice. During the winter-months, the wealatt, the writer of which appears to have ther was mild. On the 12th of Novem- fo much good fenfe, as would have led ber, a very remarkable phenomenon, one to have expected from him, a little which very much terrified the Elkimaux, was feen at Nain and Hoffenthal break of day, a great number of fire-balls, fome of which feemed to be half an ell in diameter, defcended in every direction

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To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine.

I

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SIR,

more candour.

With regard to Tallyrand, the worst that can be faid of him will be readily believed, by all who are in the least acquainted with the Hiftory of the French

revolution,

revolution. But why is the virtuous and refpectable body of its clergy, with which he has ever fince been in direct oppofition, to be branded with the infamy of an apoftate member, and who had even long fince ceafed to be fo at all? Tallyrand has uniformly facrificed his principles, if ever he had any, to his intereft, that he should perfift in fo doing, it is but reasonable to expect: the great body of the French clergy have as uniformly facrificed their intereft to their principles; that they should continue so to do, it is likewife as fair to expect. What have they then in common; and how uncandid is it to affert, upon mere furmife, that at this juncture they are vying with each other in giving the only proof of ingratitude towards this country that is in their power?

Of what is paffing in France, it is not eafy, even for those who have correfpondents there, to obtain any very exact intelligence. I will however venture to affert, that I have better grounds for contradicting fuch a pofition, than Oedipus can have for affirming it. That the conftitutional clergy, who never faw England, may be echoing the prayers for, and prayers of, the Chief Conful, is very probable; they are particularly favoured by him, and owe this country no more gratitude than he does. It is, how. ever, very unfortunate for those I mean to defend, that the artful manner, in which Bonaparte has confounded them together, fhould involve them all in the fame difgrace; for many do not know, and many affect not to know, that there is any difference between them.

Permit me, Sir, for the information of the candid among your readers, to affert that there is a very effential one; all the difference between time ferving men, and thofe of inflexible integrity. Of thofe who were protected in this country; fome, juftly doubting the arch-hypocrite's views, ftill remain here; fome are ftill perfecuted by him at home; many are unemployed, fome from choice, fome from neceffity; and of those who are employed, moft, if not all, unpaid. Oedipus fpeaks of the manner in which they left their country, when after three years of the most virulent perfecution that ever difgraced humanity, they were, for their unhaken fidelity to their principles, at length driven from it, as it they had been criminals fleeing from its juftice!

On

This is wilful mifreprefentation. their conduct while they remained in this country, a ten years exile! calumny itself has not been able to faften any imputation; it was uniformly regular and exemplary, and fuch as justified to the fullest extent the protection afforded them: that they fhould all at once have abandoned their principles, and become the vipers your correfpondent fo lightly and fo infidioufly ftyles them, it requires better authority to prove; for it is the property of virtue, I mean that solid kind of virtue which has religion for its basis, to be confiftent.

Obferving in your last the name of La Reveillere L'Epaux, reminds me of him, that when a private individual at Angiers, where he refided, he was confidered as a peaceable man, of gentle and pleafant manners, and in general wellbeloved. The revolution arrived, and whirled him, with other rubbish, to the dignity of one of its directors. In this elevation he grew giddy, as might be expected, and became the founder of a new fect, which he called Les Philoanthropes, and the French, according to their ufual custom of jetting upon every thing, Les Filous en troupes, or The pick-pockets in a troop. As the prophet or apostle, or what you please, of this new religion, he thought it peculiarly incumbent on him, his heart partaking the diforder of his head, to perfecute the old. Some particular inftructions on this fubject, publicly addreft to all the departments, bearing the name of the Extcutive Directory, but of which L'Epaux has the chief honour, prove his talents for the office, a how much philofophers, who have been inveighing fo long againft intolerance, can improve upon the practice, have these remarkable expreffions; speaking of what he calls the Fanaticks, he fays, "Defolez leur patience, enveloppez les de votre Surveillance; qu'elle les inquiet le jour; qu'elle les trouble le nuit, ne leurs donnez pas un moment de relache; que fans vous voir ils vous fentent partout a chaque inftant!" Thofe inftructions are dated in the month of Frimaire in the 4th year of the Indivisible Republic. I do not at tempt a tranflation, being diffident of my abilities, to do justice to the energy of philofophical intolerance.

Your's, &c.

THE

THE POPULATION ACT.

As the refults of the late Act for afcertaining the Population of Great Britain have yet appeared before the Public in any form, except in the volumes printed by order the House of Commons, of which no more were taken off than fupplied the Members ooth Houses, and certain Officers of State, we propose to present the whole of th refults to the Readers of the Monthly Magazine. We have begun this interefting fer with the Obfervations on the Returns, the value of which will be apparent; after thefe obfervations we shall infert the summary of every county, containing totals of every bundred, and of every market-town.

The Public will duly appreciate the worth and importance of this article, and we p fume none of our Readers will confider two or three pages, upon fo interefting a f jeft, in every Number, during the next two years, as misapplied.

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